Structural analysis engineering involves designing and analyzing structures that support or resist loads, such as buildings, bridges, ships, and aircraft. It requires knowledge of physical laws and experiential knowledge of structural materials. The field is divided into civil, architectural, and mechanical engineering. The complexity of modern structures requires creativity to ensure they can withstand extreme forces. Structural analysis engineering is used in civil engineering structures like dams and offshore structures, architectural engineering structures like skyscrapers, and mechanical structures like ships and aircraft.
Structural analysis engineering is a type of engineering that is primarily concerned with the design and analysis of various structures that must support or resist loads. This type of engineering is typically used when constructing large or unusually shaped buildings, but can also be used for other structures such as ships, bridges, pipelines, aircraft, and industrial manufacturing plants. Structural analysis engineering is usually required to ensure that a structure can withstand certain weight loads, climate change, or natural disasters. The field of structural analysis engineering is generally divided into three separate categories: civil, architectural, and mechanical.
Structural analysis engineering theory is generally based on known physical laws and experiential knowledge of the past performance of various types of structural materials. This type of engineering typically uses only a few basic elements to build a very complex structural system. The basic elements that make up most structures include columns, arches, beams and shells, as well as plates and cables. These elements are also classified as curved or straight, and one or two dimensional.
The structural analysis engineering field began to be recognized during the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century. Before that, an architect and a structural analysis engineer were in essentially the same position, known as a master builder. As knowledge of some structural theories began to increase during this period, a need arose for a type of civil engineer who specialized in structural analysis. Today the complexity of the most modern structures requires great creativity from a structural point of view to ensure that these structures are able to support and resist the loads to which they are subjected.
Civil engineering structures that require structural analysis engineering typically include dams, bridges, pipelines, and offshore structures. These structures are often subjected to extreme forces caused by wide temperature variations and dynamic loads from waves or traffic. They are sometimes built in highly corrosive environments at sea and underground.
Architectural engineering structures, such as warehouses, domes and skyscrapers, are often very complex and require a team of structural analysis engineers to complete their design and construction. These engineers must account for forces such as wind, snow, rain, fire, and earthquakes when designing a structure. In addition to maintaining structural integrity, necessary building services such as heating, air conditioning, communications, and lighting must be considered in the overall design.
The basic principles of structural analysis engineering are also frequently applied in the construction of some types of mechanical structures. Mechanical structures requiring this type of engineering typically include ships, aircraft, rail cars, elevators, and cranes. Mechanical structures such as ships and aircraft are often subjected to extreme forces that can occur repeatedly over their service life. When designing this type of structure, an engineer must make sure that he will be able to withstand these stresses over a long period of time.
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