Adenomyosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows into the muscular walls of the uterus, causing heavy bleeding and pain during menstruation. It can cause the uterus to grow abnormally and may have no symptoms. Diagnosis is through a pelvic exam and ultrasound, and treatment may include pain medication, IUDs, birth control pills, or hysterectomy.
Adenomyosis is a medical condition of the uterus that causes endometrial tissue to grow into the muscular outer walls of a woman’s uterus. Endometrial tissue is normally found in the inner lining of the uterus. The most common adenomyosis symptoms include unusually heavy bleeding during a woman’s menstrual periods and pain during menstruation. This medical condition often causes the uterus to grow abnormally, even two to three times its normal size. It is also common for some women with adenomyosis to have no symptoms at all.
Menstrual periods can become unusually heavy in women who have symptoms of adenomyosis. In some cases, heavy menstrual bleeding causes blood to leak into a pad within an hour and may make it necessary for a woman to change her protection at night. Large blood clots may be passed during this abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. Adenomyosis can cause bleeding between periods in some cases and can also cause bleeding after menopause. Increased menstrual bleeding can also develop from other causes such as uterine cancer, endometrial hyperplasia and uterine fibroids.
Pain during menstruation commonly occurs with adenomyosis and typically causes painful or cramping cramps in a woman’s lower abdomen. Pain can also be intermittent and sharp with this uterine disorder. In some cases, back pain can result from this condition. Period pain can begin several days before a woman’s period starts, or it can only become apparent at the start of menstruation in some cases. Pain during menstruation can also be caused by fibroids and other medical conditions including endometriosis and ovarian cysts.
The cause of most cases of adenomyosis is often unknown, although some cases may result from an invasion of endometrial cells following a cesarean section or other uterine surgical procedure. Some unborn babies can develop this medical condition from endometrial cells that form on the uterine walls of the developing fetus. Childbirth can trigger adenomyosis in some women, and most patients with this medical condition are over the age of 30.
Patients with common symptoms of adenomyosis usually benefit from a pelvic exam by a doctor. Doctors typically use one or more medical tests to help them identify adenomyosis. An ultrasound examination of the uterus can help doctors diagnose adenomyosis or other causes of adenomyosis symptoms such as uterine tumors.
Many women who develop adenomyosis after menopause have no symptoms and typically do not receive treatment for the condition. In some cases, pain medications can be helpful for severe period pain. Heavy bleeding can be reduced in some women with the help of an intrauterine device (IUD) containing progesterone or with birth control pills. Younger patients with this medical condition may undergo a hysterectomy in some cases where their symptoms are severe.
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