A weak immune system can’t protect the body from harmful substances, leading to an increased susceptibility to disease and longer-lasting illnesses. Weakened immune systems can be caused by age, lifestyle choices, malnutrition, and certain illnesses. A healthy diet, exercise, and rest are recommended for maintaining a strong immune system.
The symptoms of a weak immune system are directly related to its inability to effectively protect the body from disease-causing organisms. When functioning properly, the immune system defends itself against bacteria, viruses, fungi, malignant cells and other harmful substances. The first line of defense includes barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes. If invading pathogens pass through these barriers, they face a generalized immune response followed by a specific lymphocyte response. When any aspect of the immune system is weakened, the result can be an increase in the frequency and duration of infections.
If pathogens are not effectively eliminated by the body’s natural defences, the symptoms of a weak immune system manifest themselves as an increased susceptibility to disease. People with compromised immune systems may get colds, the flu, or fungal infections more frequently. The severity of the illnesses can be worse and last longer than average. Recurring infections, such as frequent kidney, sinus, or ear infections, can also indicate a compromised immune system. Other symptoms could be slow-healing wounds or frequent infections.
Diseases are sometimes more difficult to treat when people have weakened immune systems. A regular course of antibiotics may not kill an infection in someone with a compromised immune system. Intravenous antibiotics may be needed to effectively clear stubborn infections. Many signs of illness are actually due to the immune system fighting the infection. The aches, pains, and fever associated with some illnesses are signs that the immune system is working.
An immune system disorder can also play a role in the development of some long-term illnesses. There is evidence that a compromised immune system is linked to chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic inflammation. It can also present as long-term digestive upset. Persistent vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite may signal an underlying immune deficiency. Certain types of anemia and other blood disorders can also be symptoms of a weak immune system.
Autoimmune disorders are a malfunction of the immune system that prevents it from recognizing parts of itself. Instead of only targeting pathogens, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s cells. People suffering from lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune disorders may also exhibit symptoms of a weak immune system. They may experience more frequent infections than the general population.
It is common for young children and the elderly to have weaker immune systems than people of other ages. Alcoholism, drug use and smoking can also reduce the functioning of the immune system. Furthermore, lack of adequate nutrition is a frequent cause of immune deficiencies in developing countries. An illness can also temporarily weaken the immune system. Nutritious foods, exercise, and sufficient sleep are recommended for maintaining a healthy immune system.
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