Butyric acid is a colorless liquid found in dairy products and is a byproduct of fermentation. It has a rancid smell and is responsible for bad odors in vomit and flatulence. It is also used in stink bombs, but some of its derivatives have a sweet smell. Butyric acid is produced by fermenting starch or […]
Muriatic acid is a mineral acid derived from hydrochloric acid, used for industrial and domestic purposes. It is highly corrosive and can have serious adverse health effects. It is also harmful to the environment and should be handled appropriately with protective clothing and proper disposal methods. Alternatives are encouraged when available. Muriatic acid is a […]
Hydrobromic acid is a clear or yellowish liquid used in industry and laboratories for isomerization, polymerization, and hydration reactions. It is also used to produce inorganic bromides and can be found in medicine, disinfectants, and pesticides. It is a strong acid that can cause respiratory and skin irritation, and should be handled with safety precautions. […]
Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of many products, including drain cleaners, car batteries, fertilizers, and medicines. Sulfates, salts of sulfuric acid, are also important products. Sulfuric acid is involved in the production of plastics, detergents, dyes, and explosives. Of all the chemicals used in industry, sulfuric acid is involved in the manufacture of […]
Acid gases, such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, must be removed from natural gas through amine gas treatment to prevent pipeline damage and toxicity. Sweetening with ethanolamine is a common method. The term acid gas covers any type of gas or gaseous mixture which forms an acidic compound when mixed with water. The most […]
Sulfuric acid storage requires proper organization and safe containers. Compatibility lists and manufacturer instructions can be used for organization, while corrosion-resistant containers and secure shelving systems are recommended. Regulations vary by country and a case-by-case approach is necessary for maximum safety. There are two components to sulfuric acid storage methods: the organization of the acid […]
Sulfuric acid has been produced since ancient times, with various methods. Industrial production evolved from burning sulfur and potassium nitrate with steam to using vanadium oxide as a catalyst. The lead chamber process was developed in the 17th century and refined over two centuries. Dry distillation methods emerged during the Industrial Revolution. Simple methods involve […]
Sulfuric acid plants produce a chemical used in various industries. Construction is handled by specialized contractors who design the plant according to environmental regulations and client needs. Scrubbers are used to reduce emissions, and laws limit the level of emissions from these plants. A sulfuric acid plant is a facility dedicated to the production of […]
The acid number measures the acidity of oils like petroleum and cooking oil by calculating the mass of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralize the acids in one gram of oil. The acid number test uses acid-base chemistry principles to determine acidity, with acids emitting hydrogen ions and bases emitting hydroxide ions. The amount of base […]
When purchasing sulfuric acid, consider the concentration, price, and location of the supplier. Concentrated sulfuric acid is a weaker acid used as a dehydrating agent, while dilute sulfuric acid is a strong acid used to form metal sulfates. Compare prices and consider proximity to save money. Bulk purchases and regular buying may result in discounts. […]
Sulfuric acid tanks are used to store the corrosive and toxic chemical. They must be made of materials that won’t react with the acid and can have multiple layers for safety. High Density Polyethylene and glass are common materials. Tanks can vary in size and shape, but must prevent water from entering to avoid dangerous […]
Nucleic acids are the instructions for building and maintaining living organisms. DNA is used by multi-cellular organisms, while RNA is used by viruses. Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides, with DNA being double-stranded and RNA being single-stranded. Genes are small sections of instructions within nucleic acids, and the sequence of nucleotides is important for […]
Sulfuric acid is important for many products and its pricing is influenced by demand from manufacturing facilities, the availability and price of sulfur, taxes on products made with the acid, and shipping costs. Manufacturing facilities are the largest users of sulfuric acid, and the demand for the acid increases with the demand for their products. […]
Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits growth and causes dormancy. It was first thought to be responsible for abscission but is now doubted. It is produced in buds to protect them during winter and can also close stomata to preserve water. Abscisic acid is a plant hormone responsible for dormancy and growth inhibition, […]
Perchloric acid is a strong and explosive acid commonly used in chemical laboratories. Its derivative, perchlorate, is used in rocket propellants and to treat hyperthyroidism. Perchlorate contamination in drinking water is a concern and may require regulation. Perchloric acid is a strong acid which is explosive when concentrated. It is a common reagent in chemical […]
Acid rain is caused by low pH precipitation combining with acidic particles in the air and settling on land and water. The primary cause is sulfur from coal-fired power plants, while nitrogen oxides from fossil fuels and ammonia from animal production also contribute. Acid rain can harm aquatic life, soil ecology, forests, and historic structures. […]
Acid reflux and heart palpitations are not directly linked, but they share many of the same causes, such as stress, obesity, poor diet, and certain medications. Patients should seek medical advice if they experience palpitations, as they could indicate a more serious health problem. Acid reflux is a condition in which an individual frequently experiences […]
Acid anhydrides are organic chemicals with an oxygen atom bonded to two acyl groups, with varying properties depending on the acyl groups. They can cause harm if ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with skin. They are commonly produced from carboxylic acids and used in industry, such as acetic anhydride in the production of aspirin […]
Acid reflux and bloating are linked, with pressure from bloating causing stomach acid to rise into the esophagus, and increased acid triggering a swallowing reflex that draws air into the stomach. Bloating occurs when gas gets trapped in the stomach, and can be caused by swallowing air while eating, digestion, or certain foods. Medical conditions […]
The term Lewis acid is named after Gilbert N. Lewis. Early definitions of acids and bases were based on reactions with metals and alkalis. Arrhenius defined acids as substances that form H+ ions in water, while Bronsted-Lowry defined acids as proton donors. Lewis defined acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors. […]
