Sulfuric acid is a mineral acid used in industrial synthesis of chemicals, petroleum refining, ore processing, wastewater treatment, and batteries. It is composed of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen and is extremely corrosive. Sulfuric acid is used to produce phosphoric acid, fertilizers, and detergents. It is also used to remove impurities from substances and to clean […]
Acid dye is a type of dye that produces bright and long-lasting colors on animal hair fibers and silk. It comes in concentrated, powdered form and is easy to use. The dye bath is formed by dissolving the powder in vinegar, and the process is controlled by the use of salt. The application process takes […]
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic polymer similar to DNA and RNA, used in medical treatments and biological research due to its ability to store information and chemical stability. It may have been present during Earth’s earlier history and could have been used as a simpler version of DNA. PNA has found use in […]
Sulfuric acid is produced by heating chemicals to bond sulfur with hydrogen. It is used in various industrial processes and is the most produced chemical in the world. The contact process and wet process are used to produce sulfuric acid. The demand for sulfuric acid continues to grow by about 3% each year. To produce […]
Acid reflux and asthma are closely related, with acid reflux worsening asthma symptoms. Treatment for acid reflux can improve patient comfort and control asthma symptoms. Patients with asthma should be aware of their increased risk for acid reflux and seek evaluation if their treatment plans aren’t working. Acid reflux and asthma are closely related conditions. […]
Aqueous sulfuric acid is a common mixture of sulfuric acid and water, used in chemical processes, batteries, and as a dehydrating agent. It is created through the lead chamber or contact processes and is a raw material for fertilizers and chemical intermediates. Lead-acid batteries use sulfuric acid to generate electricity and can be recharged by […]
Acids and bases react to form salts in a neutralization reaction. Monoprotic acids form one type of salt, while diprotic and polyprotic acids can form more than one. Partial neutralization results in an acid salt. Acidic salts, such as sodium bicarbonate, can be prepared by reacting a weak acid with a strong base. Acid salts […]
The reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid is a redox reaction where zinc donates electrons to hydrogen ions in sulfuric acid, forming zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas. The sulfuric acid acts as an electrolyte, producing energy that can be harnessed in a circuit, such as in a battery. The reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid […]
The citric acid cycle is a series of chemical reactions that occur during cellular respiration, producing energy. It involves complex reactions catalyzed by enzymes, and breaks down pyruvate into NADH and ATP. It occurs in the mitochondria and is an aerobic process, but without oxygen, fermentation occurs. The citric acid cycle is a series of […]
Sulfuric acid titration is a process of finding the molarity of a basic solution using sulfuric acid as the titrant. The titrant is added to a solution of unknown concentration until a reaction occurs completely, and a calculation is made to determine the molarity of the unknown substance. The process involves understanding the concept of […]
The contact process for sulfuric acid involves burning sulfur with air to form sulfur dioxide, which is then absorbed into sulfuric acid to form oleum and finally reacts with water to form sulfuric acid. Stoichiometry and careful control of reactant quantities are important to reduce costs and improve yields. The process uses a catalyst and […]
Acid gases, including carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, are common contaminants in raw natural gas and must be removed during refining. This is done through amine gas treatment, which absorbs the acid gases in a solution with amines. The concentrated hydrogen sulfide is then processed to recover elemental sulfur through the Claus process. Acid gases […]
Acetoacetic acid is a beta-keto acid produced by the liver and kidneys from fatty acids. It can be used to produce energy for the heart and brain, but an overabundance of ketone bodies can lead to ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition. Diabetes, glycogen storage disease, hyperthyroidism, and dietary disruptions can cause overproduction of acetoacetic acid. Acetoacetic […]
Acidic precipitation, also known as acid rain, can include sleet, snow, and fog with high acid content. Chemical emissions like sulfur and nitrogen dioxide increase acidity levels, causing damage to the environment, including freshwater and marine ecosystems, soils, and human-made structures. Heavy industrial use and high vehicle density contribute to high levels of acid rain, […]
A urine organic acid test screens for inherited metabolic disorders, detecting abnormally high levels of metabolic products that may indicate an inborn error of metabolism. Symptoms of organic acidemias include lethargy, seizures, vomiting, and failure to thrive. Treatment includes a restricted diet, amino acid replacement, and vitamin therapy. A urine organic acid test is done […]
Acid deposition, including acid rain, can harm natural and man-made objects. It is caused by sulfur dioxide from coal burning and can damage buildings, cars, trees, and water systems. Scrubbers can help reduce acid deposition from coal-fired power plants. Acid deposition is the deposition of acid in any form on objects in the environment, whether […]
Acid rain is caused by excess acid from natural and man-made sources, such as burning fossil fuels. Sulfuric acid is the main component of acid rain, formed from sulfur dioxide mixing with water in the atmosphere. Acid rain can harm organisms and erode building materials. Acid rain is a type of rain that is more […]
Stearic acid is a stable, saturated fatty acid with a long carbon backbone and is used as a lubricant, hardener, and emulsifier in household products. It is found in animal fats and vegetable oils and is used in the production of margarine, shortening, spreads, and baked goods. Stearic acid is the common name of octadecanoic […]
Sulfur dioxide is a precursor in the production of sulfuric acid, which is made through two industrial processes. Sulfur dioxide is formed from the combustion of sulfur and other sulfur-containing substances, and is a major pollutant responsible for acid rain. The lead chamber process was replaced by the contact process, which uses vanadium pentoxide as […]
Sulfuric acid tests are used in various industries, including the dairy and perfume industries. The Gerber Butterfat Test is a sulfuric acid test used to determine the fat content and quality of milk. The fuming sulfuric acid test is used to test for aromatic compounds, and substances containing them will mix quickly and produce black […]
