The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 aimed to control unauthorized immigration into the US. It included employer sanctions, increased border security, and an amnesty and legalization window for some unauthorized immigrants. The employer sanctions made it illegal to knowingly hire unauthorized workers, continue employing them, or hire workers without verifying their identities. The […]
The Drainage Act regulates surface water and prohibits altering the natural flow of stormwater. Governments and developers must follow drainage law and may be liable for damages. Exceptions exist for agriculture and urban areas may have natural enemy and reasonable use doctrines. The Drainage Act regulates surface water and sets guidelines for diverting and obstructing […]
Model acts are draft laws created by special interest groups, lawyers’ conferences, or government agencies to serve as examples for legislation. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Legislative Exchange Council are two organizations known for writing model legislation. Model acts must go through the legislative process to become law. […]
The Social Security Disability Act (SSD) provides income to eligible disabled workers in the United States. Eligibility criteria include a physical or mental condition preventing work, expected duration of at least 12 months, and sufficient salary during the previous ten years. The amount received depends on previous wages and dependents may also be eligible. The […]
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was passed to protect workers from abuse during the Industrial Revolution. It established a living wage, overtime pay, and laws for the employment of minors. Amendments have expanded protections and raised the minimum wage. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is a bill passed to protect workers […]
The Negotiable Instrument Act, passed in India in 1881, defines check, promissory note, and bill of exchange. It regulates monetary transactions and defines responsibilities of parties. Amendments in 1988 and 2002 added penalties for bad checks and electronic checks, respectively. The act also covers liability, acceptance, maturity, and loss of negotiable instruments. Counterfeiting and its […]
Criminal justice acts regulate aspects of the criminal justice system and are found in many countries. They cover the definition of crimes, judicial procedure, administration of the justice system, and prison management and policies. They are subject to repeal, revision, and modification. A criminal justice act is a law that regulates some aspect of the […]
Aviation law covers all aspects of aviation, including cargo and passenger transportation, recreational flying, and airspace protocol. The FAA administers aviation law in the US, while international aviation law is established through agreements such as the Montreal Convention and the ICAO. Licensing, maintenance, passenger behavior, and insurance are all regulated by aviation law. The ICAO […]
An Administration of Justice Act is a law that governs legal proceedings and relates to judicial proceedings, such as jurisdictional divisions, trial conditions, convictions, and court fees. Legal scholars argue that these acts are vital to the impartial functioning of any modern justice system. The Administration of Justice Act of 1774 was a well-known law […]
Property management law covers statutes, common law, and ethics related to rental property owners and managers. Laws vary by jurisdiction and aim to protect tenants and property owners. Property managers may be liable for wrongful eviction and are responsible for repairs and maintenance. National laws, such as lead paint disclosure, also regulate the relationship between […]
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is a US law that prohibits US entities from making payments to foreign officials to gain business advantages. Violators can face criminal and civil charges, fines, and imprisonment. The law applies to any public official, regardless of rank or position, and even covers foreign entities attempting bribery on US […]
Uniform acts are laws adopted by multiple jurisdictions that provide consistent guidance for regulating activities uniformly. They are drafted by organizations such as the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and can address issues such as property transfers, organ and tissue donation, incorporation, and penal codes. Developing a uniform act requires research and […]
The Magistrates Act of 1968 created federal magistrate positions to replace commissioners in each district. It established a salary system and required admission to the bar. Magistrate judges oversee federal proceedings except for criminal offenses. They are authorized by the United States Judicial Conference and handle pretrial hearings, bail amounts, and warrants. The Magistrates Act […]
Juvenile justice laws in India and the United States aim to provide fair rehabilitation for young offenders, with specific regulations for minors. The Juvenile Justice Act in India protects minors’ identities from being revealed in the media, while the US act prohibits holding juveniles in adult facilities and requires attention to minority youth in the […]
The wrongful death law allows for recovery of a victim’s assets when someone is killed due to intentional or negligent conduct. The law allows the deceased person’s estate to sue, and only certain individuals related to the victim can bring a lawsuit. The plaintiff must prove the same elements as the victim would have had […]
Jurisdiction law determines if a court has the authority to hear a case. Personal and matter-of-fact jurisdiction are required for US courts. Personal jurisdiction is based on benefits received from the government, while matter-of-fact jurisdiction is based on the court’s interest in the matter. The law aims to prevent forum shopping. Jurisdiction law consists of […]
The Public Liability Insurance Act in New Delhi requires owners of hazardous substances to take out liability insurance before hiring workers. The law compensates workers for injuries or damages sustained and caps the maximum amount of liability insurance at Rs 50 million. Central, state and local governments are exempt from the provisions of the law. […]
The right of transfer regulates the transfer of ownership of real property, including legal requirements, contracts, and dispute resolution. The seller must prove ownership and inform the buyer of any liens. Equitable and legal titles are recognized, with the buyer having the right to claim legal title once payment is made. Breaches of land sales […]
The Lanham Act is a federal statute that governs trademark law in the United States, consisting of four subchapters. It addresses the Principal and Supplemental Registers, remedies for trademark infringement, and the international Madrid Protocol. State and federal common law also affect trademark registration and protection. Also called the Trademark Act, the Lanham Act is […]
Transportation law covers a wide range of entities and subjects, including vehicular safety, hazardous materials transport, and infrastructure. It affects commercial transportation, mass transit, and drivers. The United States Department of Transportation oversees transportation law at the federal level. Transportation law, sometimes referred to simply as transportation law, is a broad area of case law. […]
