The Computer Security Act of 1987 established standards for the security of US government-owned computers and created a new level of security classification called “sensitive”. The act required uniform security policies, practices, and training for personnel operating such systems, with oversight from the National Bureau of Standards. It was eventually replaced by the Federal Information […]
The Securities Act of 1933 was introduced by the US Congress as part of President Roosevelt’s New Deal after the 1929 market crash. It regulates the issuance of securities under federal law, requiring issuers to disclose information to investors and preventing fraudulent sales. Certain securities may be exempt from registration under section 144 and Regulation […]
The Judiciary Act of 1789 organized the federal court system, creating judicial districts with district and circuit courts. It also established the Attorney General’s Office and US Marshals Service. The act allowed cases to be heard in federal rather than state courts and gave the Supreme Court final say on interpretations of federal law. In […]
The Controlled Substances Act classifies regulated substances into five schedules, with Schedule I being the most harmful and in need of regulation. Schedule II substances have a high potential for abuse and severe dependence, but also have an accepted medical use. The remaining schedules have progressively lower risk and potential severity of abuse. Violating anti-trafficking […]
The Employee Polygraph Protection Act prohibits private companies from requiring lie detector tests for job applicants, except for certain circumstances such as government security services or controlled substance manufacturers. Employers must follow strict guidelines if requesting a test for suspected theft, and employees have the right to be notified and provided with explanations and documents. […]
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act is a US federal law that regulates the safety and efficacy claims of dietary supplements. It holds manufacturers accountable and treats supplements as food items subject to similar regulations. The law requires scientific evidence to support health benefit claims and mandates labeling of all ingredients, including warnings for […]
A writ of execution allows a creditor to collect a monetary judgment against a debtor, often through seizure of property or bank accounts. Foreclosure of bank accounts or wages are common methods, but there are legal limits to the amount that can be withheld. Debtors may be able to negotiate a repayment plan, but if […]
Criminal defense law involves defending clients accused of criminal violations, while civil defense law involves pecuniary penalties. The government brings lawsuits against defendants in criminal law, and the Constitution guarantees the right to criminal defense. Criminal defense attorneys can negotiate plea deals or argue cases in court. Two types of defense in criminal defense law […]
The Elder Abuse Act in the US protects elderly people from mistreatment and neglect, including financial exploitation. The laws apply to nursing homes, home care professionals, medical facilities, and family members. Legal representation and specialized attorneys are available to abused elders. Legislation also establishes regulations for how older people should be cared for. Older people […]
Derivatives law deals with rules and regulations of financial instruments whose values depend on underlying investments or variables. Derivatives law attorneys advise clients on the legal process and ensure proper paperwork completion. There are two main categories of derivative law contracts: over-the-counter derivatives and exchange-traded derivatives. OTC derivatives are traded directly between two parties, while […]
The Land Acquisition Act allows the Indian government to seize private property for public purposes. Critics argue for its abolition due to exploitation of vulnerable landowners. The act allows for compensation and protections for landowners, but has been criticized for being too complicated and leading to questionable land acquisitions. There have been protests and concerns […]
The PROTECT Act is a US federal bill signed in 2003 that aims to protect children and increase penalties for child abuse. It established national benchmarks for the AMBER Alert and Code ADAM systems and made virtual child pornography illegal, which caused controversy. The PROTECT Act is a United States federal bill, signed in 2003, […]
A writ of prohibition is an order to a court to stop trying a case, usually issued by a higher court if a lower court exceeds its jurisdiction or fails to follow proper procedure. It is rare and used to protect the integrity of the legal system. A writ of prohibition is an order to […]
Insurance fraud is a crime with penalties defined by regional penal codes. Whistleblowers and investigations often uncover fraud. National laws may also outline evidence of fraud not found in regional penal codes. Aggravated insurance fraud is a crime in most jurisdictions and penalties often include prison time. The insurance fraud law is often a part […]
Organic deeds are laws passed by Congress that establish land as property of the US or delegate a group to manage it. Examples include the 1787 Northwest Territory Act, 1871 DC Organic Act, 1890 Oklahoma Act, and 1900 Hawaii Act. An organic deed is a type of law passed by the United States Congress that […]
Marketing law regulates the methods and messages used in advertising campaigns. It can be local, national, or international and covers topics such as types of advertising, false representations, and national identification of products. Companies must understand the laws to avoid violations. Marketing law refers to sets of laws created to dictate and regulate the methods […]
White-collar crime law refers to crimes committed by educated professionals in their profession, including fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, hacking, counterfeiting, and bribery. The term was coined in the late 1930s, named after professional males who wore white-collared shirts. Cyber crimes and identity theft are becoming more common. The law treats white-collar crimes as any other […]
The Housing and Economic Rehabilitation Act was passed in 2008 to prevent foreclosures and provide assistance to homeowners. The act allowed the Federal Housing Administration to insure refinancing of defaulting mortgages, but only for owner-occupied primary residences. The act also created the Federal Housing Finance Agency and an affordable permanent housing fund to be funded […]
National security law covers various legal issues that differ in each country’s jurisdiction. Government agencies manage national security, and different branches of government have separate responsibilities. International treaties become part of national security law, and countries may have designations for different types of agreements. National laws establish government departments, and activities vary during times of […]
ACT test scores are important for college admissions. The composite score ranges from 1 to 36 and is difficult to interpret without comparison to others. Individual section scores provide insight into a student’s strengths and weaknesses in specific areas. Colleges use scores to predict future academic performance. Correctly interpreting an ACT test score can give […]
