Acute disseminated encephalitis is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune cells attack the myelin sheath of nerves in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in neurological symptoms. It can be caused by infections or immunizations and is treated with anti-inflammatory agents. Recovery usually occurs within one to six months, but complications may occur. Acute […]
Eye pain can be caused by damage or disorders of the cornea, glaucoma, or scleritis. Corneal ulcers can result from bacterial or viral infections, while acute angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the eye’s drainage channels become blocked. Scleritis is associated with diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Lubricating eye drops and sunglasses can help relieve pain. Eye […]
Acute retroviral syndrome is an HIV-related infection that weakens the immune system and causes flu-like symptoms, often misdiagnosed as influenza. Early detection can prevent the spread of HIV and reduce damage to the immune system. Asymptomatic HIV infection can progress to AIDS, but antiretroviral therapy can strengthen the immune system. Acute retroviral syndrome is an […]
Acute sciatica is sudden leg pain caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve, which can be treated with rest, medication, or surgery. It can be caused by herniated discs, inflammation, stenosis, pregnancy, work habits, or congenital anomalies. Light exercise, a balanced diet, and good posture can help prevent it. Acute sciatica is the sudden onset […]
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs when the kidneys suddenly can’t filter toxins and waste fluids. There are three types of AKI: prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal, each with different causes and treatments. Treatment focuses on replacing kidney function, and in most cases, the kidneys will recover after treatment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs when one or […]
Severe stomach pain can be caused by various conditions, including pancreatitis, appendicitis, food poisoning, intestinal bleeding, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ovarian cysts, and ovarian cancer. Diagnosis and treatment depend on the cause, and may involve medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes. There are many causes of severe stomach pain, including gas and gallstones. Pancreatitis can cause […]
Acute diarrhea is loose, watery stools occurring more than three times a day for less than two weeks, often caused by a virus, bacteria, or parasite. It usually subsides on its own, but if it lasts longer, dehydration may occur and hospitalization may be necessary. Treatment may involve prescribed medications or IV fluids. When a […]
Spinal cord injuries are classified as complete or incomplete, with the latter having subcategories such as anterior, central, and posterior cord syndromes, Brown-Sequard syndrome, and cauda equina lesions. Damage to different sections of the spinal cord can result in paralysis, loss of function, or loss of sensation. Many professionals classify an acute spinal cord injury […]
Acute respiratory failure is a medical emergency caused by low oxygen or high carbon dioxide levels in the blood. It can be due to airway obstruction or fluid buildup in the lungs. Immediate medical attention is necessary to clear the obstruction, provide oxygen, and identify underlying causes. ARDS is a severe form of respiratory failure […]
Acute demyelination is the rapid removal of the protective myelin sheaths that cover nerves, causing symptoms such as tremors, loss of muscle control, and weakness. It can be caused by an immune reaction or exposure to toxins. Treatment options include anti-inflammatory drugs and supportive care, and therapy can help improve muscle strength and coordination. Myelin […]
Acute injuries disrupt the body’s balance and can range from small scratches to deep wounds. Symptoms include pain, inflammation, and bleeding. Immediate first aid is crucial, including stopping bleeding and covering the wound. Treatment involves cleaning, debridement, and closure of the wound. Topical and oral medications may be used to aid healing. An acute injury […]
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a sudden onset of hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, caused by direct lung injury or systemic conditions. ALI leads to inflammation and destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane, causing capillary leakage, alveolar flooding, and decreased pulmonary surfactant. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, cyanosis, and hypoxemia. Treatment involves mechanical ventilation, supportive care, and […]
Acute muscle pain can occur during or after exercise due to micro tears in the muscle fibers or sheath. It is different from delayed-onset muscle soreness and can be relieved by stopping the activity. Recovery time can be decreased by stretching and massage. The cause of acute muscle pain is still disputed. If a person […]
Acute laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx causing hoarseness or loss of voice. It is often caused by a virus, smoking, allergies or excessive use of the voice. Treatment involves rest, hydration, and anti-inflammatory medication. If symptoms persist beyond two weeks, a doctor should be consulted. Acute laryngitis is short-term inflammation of the larynx region […]
Pulpitis is inflammation of the tooth pulp due to decay and bacteria. It can be chronic or acute, reversible or irreversible. Symptoms include pain and sensitivity to hot and cold liquids or foods. Treatment includes cleaning the cavity and using antiseptics. Poor oral hygiene can cause pulpitis, and prevention is recommended. Pulpitis occurs when the […]
Acute psychotic disorder is a short-term break from reality, often triggered by stress and sometimes linked to an underlying mental disorder. Treatment involves short-term use of antipsychotic drugs and psychotherapy to help patients cope. Acute psychotic disorder is a psychotic break that comes on suddenly and lasts only a short time. The time frame can […]
Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder caused by gallstones, infection, or injury. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent complications. Surgery is the best treatment option, with most patients experiencing complete healing in less than a month. Older and obese people are at higher risk. Symptoms […]
Acute hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viral or non-viral factors. Symptoms include malaise, jaundice, and fatigue. Treatment is supportive, but in severe cases, liver failure can occur, requiring an organ transplant. Acute hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that lasts less than six months and often has a sudden […]
Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that causes difficulty in differentiating between real and imagined events, with symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, and social withdrawal. Antipsychotic drugs and psychological therapy can help manage symptoms, but there is no known cure. Acute schizophrenia occurs when a previously healthy person exhibits schizophrenia symptoms and increasingly unusual behaviors for […]
Acute sepsis is a sudden bacterial infection in the blood that can damage vital organs if not treated promptly. Symptoms include fever, rapid breathing and heart rate, and gangrene in severe cases. Treatment includes antibiotics and intravenous fluids. Elderly, children, and those with compromised immune systems are at higher risk. Acute sepsis is the sudden […]
