Beam scanning uses focused energy to gather data about a target, with applications in fields such as imaging, navigation, and medical treatment. Advanced optics control the beam, and detectors collect reflected energy to gather data. It can also be used for 3D modeling, navigation, and archaeology. A beam scan uses a focused beam of energy […]
Electron beam welding uses high-energy electrons to melt metal and create a weld without a filler wire. It requires a vacuum and is expensive, but produces high-quality, deep welds with minimal distortion. It can join dissimilar and reactive metals, but is limited by equipment cost and size constraints. Electron beam welding (EBW) is a fusion […]
Beam quality in lasers refers to how well the beam stays focused, affected by factors such as laser components, gain medium, power level, and thermal stress. There is a trade-off between beam quality and power, with gas and solid-state lasers having different vulnerabilities. Other design components and the condition of the laser components also affect […]
Metal beams are used in building construction, created by casting or forging liquid steel into the correct shape. They are welded or bolted into place and form the skeleton of a building. Metalworkers face safety concerns when working at heights and in inclement weather. Rivets have been replaced by bolts and welding, reducing worker injuries. […]
Particle beams, usually consisting of charged particles, are used in particle accelerators, CRT televisions, and cancer therapies. They can reach speeds of 99.999% of the speed of light. The most powerful particle beams are found in the Large Hadron Collider. A particle beam is a beam of accelerated particles, usually charged particles (ions). Real-life applications […]
Steel beams are commonly used in modern building construction due to their ability to support heavier loads than wooden beams. The term “beam construction” can refer to both wood and steel, but here it refers to steel beams. Beam buckling occurs when the load on the beam exceeds its capacity, causing distortion of shape. Engineers […]
Electron beams can be used for welding, manufacturing precision parts, sterilizing medical supplies and food, and eliminating microbial organisms. Advantages include a narrow weld zone and the absence of a filler material, but there are downsides such as x-ray production and high costs. Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3) can fabricate parts from raw materials, saving […]
Beam deflection is the behavior of solid and homogeneous structural elements that resist bending. The Euler-Bernoulli equation relates deflection to applied forces, cross-sectional characteristics, and material properties. I-beams are designed with material concentrated towards the lower and upper regions of the cross section for high bending strength. In civil engineering, beam deflection refers to the […]
Beam expanders use lenses to increase the size of laser or light beams without affecting their color or focus. They are used in various scientific applications, from microscopes to astronomical measurements, and can handle light from ultraviolet to infrared regions. Beam expanders are essentially telescopes, with Galilean designs preferred to prevent distortion from laser heat. […]
Beam diameter is the size of a beam of light or electromagnetic radiation. It can be measured in different ways and is important for laser applications. Beam quality is affected by diameter and divergence, and smaller lasers require improvements in design to maintain high quality. Beam diameter is a measure of the size of a […]
A truss girder is a beam made of a truss, which is a network of bars connected by pin joints that can only experience tension or compression. Trusses have a high strength-to-weight ratio and are cheaper to build than solid girders, making them popular in bridge construction. In structural engineering, a truss girder is a […]
Structural steel and reinforced concrete are used to support buildings. Architects design beam structures to resist various stresses, including tension and compression. The size of the beam, materials used, and weight of objects placed on it affect beam deflection. Cantilevers and vibration also affect design. Many buildings use structural steel framing to support the weight […]
Beam stress is the pressure on a beam causing tension, compression, and buckling. Engineers use formulas to calculate stress based on beam characteristics and material. Beams must be strong enough to avoid compromising structural integrity, especially in tall buildings with live weight from people and equipment. Engineers may need to make design changes if beams […]
Fan beams are patterns of matter or energy emitted by a transmitter, used in medical imaging and radio astronomy. They have an elliptical cross-section and are effective in scanning deep space for radio signals. Fan mounts are used in paint sprayers and garden sprinklers for even application. The fan transmitter is preferred in medical imaging […]
Neutron beams are streams of electrically neutral subatomic particles found in the nuclei of chemical elements. They have many applications in materials science, medicine, and security. Neutron generators produce neutron beams by firing deuterium or tritium ions at targets. Neutron beams are very penetrating and can detect the positions of atomic nuclei within a material. […]
Beam scatter is the amount of light scattering or beam spread. Manufacturers use specific measurements of beamwidth, including beam and field angles, and issue bulletins with this data for comparison. The beam angle is the angle of diffusion of the beam from the center of the beam. The angle of view is the angle from […]
Vibration tests on beams are conducted using mechanical, electrical, and computer technologies to determine their ability to withstand normal use, extreme weather conditions, or seismic vibrations. Steel beams can vibrate in different directions, and testing involves applying a shaking motion to a specific location on the structure. The amount of vibration is recorded using instruments […]
A plate beam is made of steel plates bolted or welded together to build a beam larger than a steel mill can make. It is used for bridges, especially railway bridges, and has vertical ribs for structural rigidity. It can be combined with concrete for added strength. A plate beam is a type of beam […]
A laser beam is a focused, coherent stream of light in a single wavelength. It was originally an acronym for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”. Lasers are used in various technology applications, including surgery and welding, and are also depicted as powerful weapons in science fiction. Laser beams are created through stimulated emission […]
A dual-beam spectrophotometer simplifies spectrophotometry and is better suited for high-speed, stable, and flexible applications. It increases measurement efficiency and reduces errors. It employs one or two monochromators and provides more stability and reproducibility than single-beam spectrophotometers. It is also easier to use and more accurate. A dual beam spectrophotometer is used by the scientific […]
