Developmental biology studies how organisms develop and progress, from molecular to systemic levels. It includes cell growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis, which are important in cancer and stem cell research. The field also explores embryonic development, regeneration, and metamorphosis, and sheds light on chromosomal mutations and potential treatments for ailments. Developmental biology is a branch of […]
Biomedical waste includes materials that can carry harmful pathogens, such as medical gloves, needles, and bodily fluids. It must be disposed of carefully and is generated in various settings. Medical facilities have procedures for handling it, and homeowners must follow local regulations. Biomedical waste is treated through incineration and analyzed for safety before disposal. Biomedical […]
Biology professors teach and develop curricula for college and university students, conduct research, oversee labs, and meet with students during office hours. They may also participate in committees and public outreach programs. A biology professor provides instructions for studying living things. Professors are commonly employed by colleges and universities, but may also participate in public […]
Bioidentical hormones are plant-derived hormones that are marketed as an alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women. They are synthesized from chemicals found in soybeans and yam and are not found in nature. There is no solid evidence that they are safer than FDA-approved HRT drugs, and some doctors believe they may carry […]
Biological value measures how well an organism can absorb and use a given protein. Eggs have a higher biological value than white flour. There are two scales used in measurement, and nitrogen concentration is used to measure biological value, although this method has weaknesses. Biological value is a term applied to specific proteins that describes […]
A biological photographer takes photos and films for the health and natural science professions, documenting organisms and medical events. They must have a thorough understanding of photography and biology, and may specialize in fields such as ophthalmic photography or photomicrography. Creativity and communication skills are important, and the field is growing with opportunities for work […]
Biological magnification occurs when substances are absorbed by organisms higher up in a food chain, leading to higher concentrations of harmful substances like pesticides and heavy metals. The substance must be difficult to break down and not easily degraded by the environment. DDT is a commonly studied substance due to its harmful effects. Biological magnification, […]
Evolutionary biology studies the origin of species through genetic variation and natural selection, tracing the shared ancestry of organisms. Modern evolutionary biology emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, with universities creating departments in the 1970s and 1980s. Evolutionary biologists determine how often certain adaptive traits evolved independently and trace the ancestors of modern organisms. They […]
Biological psychology studies how physiological processes affect human behavior, assuming an interdependent relationship between mind and body. Avicenna first identified this relationship, in contrast to the dualistic views of Plato, Aristotle, and Descartes. William James and Knight Dunlap advanced the field, which now seeks to improve the lives of those with cognitive impairments and psychiatric […]
Biological oceanographers study how species live and migrate in the ocean, focusing on pollution and sustainable seafood. A four-year degree is required, but additional education and research experience is recommended. Internships and strong communication skills are important, and a graduate degree may be necessary for the best job opportunities. Biological oceanographers are individuals who examine […]
Biological imaging techniques generate useful images of biological organisms and systems not visible to the naked eye. Magnetic resonance imaging is important in modern medicine, while bioluminescent imaging is useful in research. Other methods include ultrasound, gallium scans, and microscopy. Biological imaging is a broad term that describes a set of techniques used in life […]
The term “biological model” can refer to a mathematical model of a biological system, a specific organism studied to generate data applicable to other organisms, or a theory explaining mental illness. Mathematical models allow for testing and altering variables, while model organisms provide data for other organisms. The biological model of mental illness emerged in […]
Biological classification organizes all life on Earth and allows scientists to study relationships between organisms and build evolutionary trees. The system, developed by Linnaeus, divides organisms into domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Humans, for example, are in the Eukaryota domain, Animalia kingdom, Chordata phylum, Mammalia class, Primates order, and Hominidae family, […]
Biology degree programs require high school science and math courses, with undergraduate students needing to complete introductory courses before advanced ones. Non-science classes may also be required. Graduate programs require an undergraduate degree in biology or related subjects, with completion of a dissertation as a graduation requirement. Universities offering degree programs in biology typically require […]
The biological perspective in psychology focuses on the biological causes of behavior, including genetics and neurology. It is used in research on comparative psychology, physiological motivations, and behavioral genetics. Its strengths include reliable scientific methodology, but it is limited by overlooking external events, cultural upbringings, mental states, and emotional desires. Other perspectives in psychology include […]
Biological agents, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, are potential weapons of mass destruction. They are lethal, difficult to control, and can cause long-term damage. While many nations have signed treaties to refrain from using them, research programs still exist. Counterterrorism programs monitor sales and laboratory safety to prevent attacks. Terrorists have not signed any agreements, […]
Biological warfare, or germ warfare, is the use of harmful microorganisms by military or terrorist factions against civilians, opposing militaries, crops, or animals. It was banned by an international treaty in 1975, but defense against bioterrorism is still a concern. Anthrax is a common biological weapon due to its ability to spread quickly over a […]
Biological anthropologists study the physical development of humans from an anthropological perspective and can work in research, teaching, forensic investigations, museums, zoos, and consulting. Effective communication is essential, and tasks vary depending on the institution. The discipline has evolved over time, and anthropologists must be flexible and creative in their work. A biological anthropologist, sometimes […]
Biological response modifiers affect how the body interacts with antigens, alerting the immune system to foreign bodies and shutting it down when no longer needed. They can be used to stop an unnecessary immune reaction or boost the immune system to fight off disease. Different chemicals make up the group of biological response modifiers found […]
Biological oceanography studies all life in the ocean and their interactions with the environment. It aims to understand population interaction, food webs, and the effects of temperature, chemical and geological changes on marine life. The study is conducted in laboratories and through submersible research vessels. It focuses on issues such as population interaction, conservation, and […]
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