The Biology GRE tests knowledge in cellular and molecular biology, organizational biology, and ecology and evolution. It is not always required for graduate school, but may be included in an application package. The exam consists of about 200 questions and covers a range of topics within each subset. The Biology Graduate Record Examination (GRE) tests […]
The Biology A-level program covers diverse topics in environmental and anatomical biology. Students should have good grades in Biology, Mathematics, and English at GCSE level. Online study materials and exam preparation courses are available for extra preparation. The course includes six modules and exams are graded by an examining board. The Biology A-level program further […]
Conservation biology jobs require a bachelor’s degree and often involve working for local, state, or federal government. Specialized degrees are available from state land grant institutions, and jobs include soil conservationist, forestry and water conservationist, range manager, and more. Conservation biology jobs cover a wide range of opportunities. Many conservation biology jobs require a bachelor […]
Molecular biologists study cells, viruses, bacteria, genetics, and disease mechanisms. A PhD is typically required for long-term employment in the field, and a degree in biology or a related science field with good grades is helpful. Doctoral programs include coursework, research projects, and a dissertation. Molecular biologists study topics such as cells, viruses, bacteria, or […]
To score well on the MCAT biology section, start by reviewing concepts and types of questions, obtaining the Official MCAT Exam Guide, and practicing with practice tests. Starting study preparation early and dedicating time each day is key. The Association of American Medical Colleges website offers resources and tips for success. There are many ways […]
Choosing a summer school biology class depends on individual circumstances and goals, such as improving grades, fulfilling requirements, or advancing studies. High school students may have limited options, but college students can attend classes for credit or personal interest. Students should consider how the class will serve them best. Choosing the best summer school biology […]
Biology tutors can be teachers, professors, students, or independent tutors. They help students understand biology concepts, prepare for tests, and complete lab assignments. Independent tutors can advertise in newspapers or community centers, while those working for companies must meet their requirements. A biology tutor is a person who teaches others in biology. There are no […]
Biology graduates have career opportunities in various fields, including medicine, veterinary science, environmental science, patient education, and food science. A degree in biology is a standard prerequisite for medical school in the US, and it can also provide a foundation for other medical careers. Additionally, biology majors can find jobs in medical research, animal science, […]
Exoskeletons are external skeletons used for support and defense by many animal species, including arthropods and mollusks. They first appeared in the fossil record 550 million years ago with Cloudina, and their evolution allowed for larger body sizes and protection against predators. Exoskeletons are more common than endoskeletons, with millions of species having them compared […]
Biology internships are a great way to explore career options in various fields, including biomedical, naturalistic, industrial, and maritime. Biomedical internships involve laboratory or computer research, while naturalistic internships focus on animal behavior or environmental pollution. Industrial internships involve research for new product development, and marine biology internships involve caring for sea creatures and conducting […]
The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to protein. However, exceptions exist, such as with viruses or laboratory interventions. The term “dogma” is not associated with religious beliefs. DNA replication, transcription, and translation are the three typical types of information flow. Reverse transcription, RNA replication, […]
Consensus sequences are regularly occurring sets of proteins or nucleotides in DNA that can be used to predict locations and binding sites. Scientists use statistical formulas and sequence motifs to analyze genetic information and relate it to biological functions and evolutionary patterns. A consensus sequence is a set of proteins, or nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid […]
Animal embryos develop from blastulas into germ layers, with triploblastic animals having three layers and diploblastic animals having two. Diploblastic animals have radial symmetry and are simple in structure, while triploblastic animals have bilateral symmetry and develop more complex internal organs. Triploblasts can be further divided by body cavities. The two main types of diploblastic […]
To become a marine biologist, one must obtain a graduate degree from an accredited program with practical experience and a proven track record of success. Prospective students should consider faculty expertise, resources, and proximity to the ocean, as well as their own research interests and career goals. Persons interested in pursuing careers as marine biologists […]
Phyla are taxonomic ranks below kingdom and above class. There are 38 animal phyla, with Arthropoda and Nematoda being the most successful. Only three new animal phyla have been discovered in the past century. There are 12 plant phyla, with flowering plants being the most successful. There are six phyla of mushrooms, including chytrids, imperfect […]
The stem group/crown group classification was created by Willi Hennig to classify relationships between living and extinct organisms. The crown group includes all living species and their extinct descendants up to the common ancestor, while the stem group includes all species not in the crown group. Stem groups provide insights into evolution and can contain […]
Integrative biology combines multiple disciplines to solve biological problems, studying interrelationships between organisms and their environment. It offers a broad range of career paths and degree programs, emphasizing hands-on experience. Research covers a wide range of topics, making it an interesting field of study. Integrative biology is the study and research of biological systems. It […]
Biology studies life and is divided into three categories: zoology, botany, and microbiology. It also includes specialized sub-disciplines such as biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. The foundations of modern biology are cell theory, evolution, gene theory, and homeostasis. Recent developments include genomics and synthetic biology. Biology is, simply, the scientific exploration and study of life. […]
The concept of a niche in biology refers to a specialized area that certain species are optimized for, such as predator, grazer, hunter-gatherer, scavenger, and vermin. The first niche was occupied by chemotrophs, followed by photosynthesizers. The rainforest is a good example of niche differentiation for plants, with different layers and specialized plants. Animals can […]
Homology describes similarities between species resulting from shared ancestors, reflecting the branching of the phylogenetic tree. Homologies abound in the biological world, such as oxidative phosphorylation, while brains are a characteristic of animals. Analogy can emerge independently in both species. Genetics has refined the concept of homology, with orthology, paralogy, and xenology. Homology is a […]
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