Chemical equilibrium is a stable relationship between reactants and products in a reversible reaction. The rate of a reaction is affected by temperature, phase, and catalysts. Chemical bonds form new substances with unique properties. All reactions are reversible to some extent, but some have a non-negligible degree of reversibility. The rate at which equilibrium is […]
Chemical analysts use scientific, engineering, and mathematical principles to design, perform and analyze chemical experiments. They work in research or industry, analyzing data, writing reports, and using computers to model experiments. They require analytical problem-solving skills, creativity, good motor skills, and the ability to multitask. Analytical chemistry is a field that involves researching the structure […]
Chemical kinetics studies how chemical reactions change under different conditions. It is used to create efficient, non-poisonous reactions for industries. The state and concentration of the substance, temperature, pressure, and catalysts affect the reaction rate. Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reactions and how they change under varying conditions. The primary determination of the […]
Chemical engineering jobs require mastery of various skills beyond chemistry, mathematics, and physics, including project management, budgeting, safety, and knowledge of the latest technologies. Communication and interpersonal skills are also essential. To be successful in finding suitable employment in chemical engineering, it is necessary to demonstrate mastery of a variety of different skills. To the […]
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a process that uses a reactive gas chamber to synthesize high-purity solid materials, such as electronic components. It involves depositing materials at high temperatures and low pressures. CVD products include silicon, carbon fiber, and diamond, but the process can be expensive due to power requirements. There are several classification schemes […]
Chemical safety aims to prevent accidents by identifying hazardous chemicals, using clear labeling systems, and having protocols in place for handling them. Material Safety Data Sheets and chemical labeling systems are innovations in the field. Chemical safety is important in any setting where chemicals are used, and guidelines are usually posted. The goal is to […]
Chemical plant explosions can be caused by a variety of factors, including negligence, poor maintenance, impure chemicals, and hazardous materials. Laws are in place to reduce the risk of explosions, and the design of chemical plants is intended to limit the risk. However, accidents can still occur if maintenance and workforce training are not properly […]
Chemical process design involves creating or modifying materials through chemical transformations. It is used to improve or create products, and must balance goals and limitations while being sustainable and environmentally friendly. Chemical process engineering aims to improve people’s quality of life through safe and effective products. Chemical process design is the design of the chemical […]
Designing a chemical plant involves multiple engineering disciplines, human resources, and capital studies. Economic evaluations, logistics studies, and plant location studies are important. A team of people with technical and commercial experience defines the project scope. Resources and process feasibility are considered before construction. Engineers build the plant, and economics is present at every stage. […]
Chemistry is the study of matter and chemists analyze the properties of substances to identify chemicals. Chemical analysis involves qualitative and quantitative methods, with the latter determining the amount of a chemical in a mixed substance. Analytical chemistry is used in various fields, including medicine, cosmetics, and manufacturing. To understand chemical analysis, it is important […]
Chemical detection systems are used by law enforcement, industry, and the military to identify harmful or toxic substances in air, soil, or water. Handheld devices, gate detectors, fixed detectors, and wristbands are common types of equipment used. Scanners, sensors, and spectrometers are also used to detect substances based on fluorescence, mass, or molecular identification. Chemical […]
Chemical wastewater treatment removes harmful substances and bacteria from raw wastewater and rainwater runoff. Chemical compounds like ferric chloride, alum, ozone, chlorine, and lime are used to purify sewage. Physical filtration processes are used before employing chemical treatment. Chlorine or ozone solutions are used to disinfect the water tank by oxidation, and lime is used […]
Chemical plant equipment includes machines, tanks, and parts used to store, move, and process raw materials. The process involves delivery, storage, mixing, reacting, separating, and purifying the products. Supporting systems, such as cooling towers and air compressors, and equipment for product transportation and storage are also important. Chemical plant equipment used for chemical processing includes […]
Chemical dependency counselors help those addicted to substances through individual, group, or family counseling. Requirements vary by state, but a college degree and graduate internship are generally needed. A master’s degree in counseling is recommended, with courses in human development, counseling theory, and assessment. Postgraduate supervised internship experience is also required before obtaining a license. […]
Chemical changes occur when energy is added or substances are mixed, causing chemical bonds to break and form a new substance with different properties. There are four types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single and double substitution. Endothermic reactions absorb energy, while exothermic reactions produce energy. Color and smell changes can indicate a chemical change, […]
Sterilization is necessary for some items such as surgical instruments or machine parts that produce injectable drugs. Chemical sterilization involves the use of a chemical that is toxic to microbes. Liquid and gaseous form chemicals may be used. Risks include toxicity to humans through skin and inhalation. Sterilization is a method of ensuring that an […]
Chemical manufacturing produces chemicals for various industries, with a basic production system of preparing raw materials, reacting them in a reactor, purifying the products, and packaging or shipping them. Chemical plants require personnel such as engineers, operators, and maintenance staff. The industry is divided into seven categories, including basic and specialty chemicals. Chemical manufacturing is […]
Chemical weapons are toxic substances used in warfare or crowd control. Their use is prohibited by the Geneva Protocol and their development and stockpiling is curtailed by the Chemical Weapons Convention. Chemical weapons have been used since ancient times, with more sophisticated and devastating weapons developed in the 20th century. They are classified by programs […]
Chemical engineering degree programs require strong math and science skills, and are available at many universities. Graduates can find well-compensated jobs in various industries, but the program is highly competitive. When selecting a program, consider the school’s other engineering programs, faculty quality, research opportunities, and alumni employment rates. Tuition is higher than for a Bachelor […]
Multiple chemical sensitivity, also known as chemical damage syndrome or environmental sensitivity, is a chronic condition caused by low-level chemical exposure in people who are sensitive to environmental toxins. Diagnosis requires meeting six criteria, including reproducible symptoms and sensitivity to different types of chemicals. While some medical experts do not recognize the condition, recent research […]
