In most US states, football and basketball coaches at public universities earn more than high-level civil servants like governors and school superintendents. Only one woman and a few non-coaches made the list of highest earners, with the top spot going to University of Alabama football coach Nick Saban, who earned $11.1 million in 2018. When […]
Mose Triplett enlisted in the Confederate Army at 16, then deserted and joined the Union. He married at 78, and his daughter Irene, born when he was 83, still receives his Civil War pension of $73.13 per month. The last surviving Civil War veteran died in 1956, and the last known widow died in 2008. […]
The Birmingham Civil Rights Institute is a museum in Alabama that commemorates the civil rights struggle. It offers exhibitions, activities, and programs for all ages, including a Milestones Walking Tour. The idea to build the institute came from the mayor in 1978, but it wasn’t completed until 1992. The institute offers lectures, conferences, and special […]
To carry out their duties, elected and appointed officials must be certified as certified public officials. The process varies by jurisdiction and may include training programs to ensure understanding of responsibilities. Open communication with the community is important, and the need for CPOs is increasing as more responsibilities are handed over to state and local […]
Approximately 750,000 soldiers died during the American Civil War, equivalent to 2.39% of the US population at the time. The war claimed more US casualties than any other war, with casualties on both sides included. Advanced research suggests the number could have been as high as 850,000. It has been estimated that approximately 750,000 soldiers […]
The Seventh Amendment of the US Constitution allows for a jury trial in civil cases where the dispute is worth over $20 USD. It aims to maintain a distinction between the roles of judges and juries, as in common law. This right is enforced at the federal level, but individuals can waive it, and state […]
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted legal rights to all citizens born in the US, regardless of race or previous slavery. It did not extend social rights or voting rights to ex-slaves, but imposed penalties for denying specified rights. The law required all state and local governments to enforce it, with federal oversight and […]
Civil partnerships are legally sanctioned unions between two people, often same-sex couples, that provide similar rights to marriage. Denmark was the first country to establish civil union laws in 1989, and since then, many other countries and US states have recognized same-sex couples’ right to form legal partnerships. However, not all civil union laws are […]
The English Civil War was a complex conflict in the mid-1600s resulting in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England. Political and financial pressures led to multiple Parliaments and two civil wars, culminating in the trial and execution of the king. Oliver Cromwell ruled England until Charles II was […]
The civil rights movement fought for equality among different peoples, with a focus on African Americans in the United States between 1950 and the early 1990s. Martin Luther King Jr. was a key leader who used peaceful protests to end discrimination and promote suffrage. The movement’s roots can be traced back to slavery and the […]
Civil wars are fought within a nation between different factions, religious groups or powers. They can be destructive and last for decades, with reasons ranging from religious beliefs to conflicts over resources. Many nations around the world have struggled with civil wars, and some have resulted in genocide. A civil war is a war fought […]
The American Civil War resulted in the deaths of 620,000 Americans, equivalent to 6 million people today. It lasted from 1861 to 1865 and ended slavery, but at the cost of 2% of the American population. It had the highest death toll of any American war and was triggered by the Confederate Army’s attack on […]
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 aimed to end discrimination, protect the rights of African Americans, and prohibit gender discrimination. It abolished unfair voting practices, prohibited discrimination in public businesses, desegregated schools, and authorized the EEOC to enforce fair employment practices. The act faced opposition from Southern Democrats and Republicans, but was supported by Northern […]
During the American Civil War, Richmond, Virginia was the capital of the Confederacy. In 1863, a Union blockade caused food shortages, leading to the Richmond Women’s Bread Riot. Led by Mary Jackson and Minerva Meredith, women raided government warehouses and businesses for food. During the American Civil War, Richmond, Virginia served as the capital of […]
The American Civil War saw more casualties than WWI, WWII, Korea, and Vietnam combined. Generals were 50% more likely to die than privates. Disease was a major killer. About 625,000 men died in the US Civil War – more American casualties than in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam […]
The Spanish Civil War was fought between the left-wing Popular Front and the right-wing National Front. It began in 1931 when the King of Spain fled into exile after democratic elections showed the people wanted a republic. In 1936, the Popular Front won the general election and took over the government, but an economic crisis […]
President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with 75 pens, giving them away as souvenirs. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. received one and called it a cherished possession. The bill outlawed racial segregation and discrimination and was passed after the longest filibuster in Senate history. July 2, 1964 was not only a […]
At least 400 women disguised themselves as men to fight in the American Civil War, with some fighting for a cause and some for a paycheck. Ill-fitting clothes and smooth faces helped them blend in, and some, like Albert Cashier, were buried with full military honors despite being biologically female. Researchers at the National Archives […]
The Civil War amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th) to the US Constitution were ratified after the Civil War and addressed issues raised by the conflict. The 13th amendment outlawed slavery, the 14th amendment sought to protect the rights of freed slaves, and the 15th amendment sought to protect former slaves’ ability to vote. These amendments […]
The American Civil War began in 1861 when the South Carolina state militia attacked Fort Sumter. The conflict was caused by the issue of slavery, which divided the northern and southern regions of the United States. Southern states seceded from the Union to form the Confederate States of America, and the war ended in 1865 […]
