The coefficient of restitution (COR) measures elasticity in collisions and is determined through experimentation. It is important in sports equipment, with guidelines for balls, bats, and rackets. A high COR can give an unfair advantage and be dangerous, with regulations in place to prevent injury. The coefficient of restitution (COR) measures the elasticity of a […]
Friction is a force generated by two surfaces rubbing together, with the coefficient of friction (COF) being a measure of “stickiness” between the surfaces. The COF is determined by electrostatic forces, not gravity. Lubricants or gas films can reduce friction. Friction is the heat-producing drag force generated by the movement of two touching surfaces against […]
The absorption coefficient affects the speed and permeability of energy passing through materials. Beer-Lambert’s law defines transparency and opacity, while different materials have varying absorption levels. Sound also has resonance and scattering properties. Different materials have different absorption capabilities, with radio waves easily passing through some materials and metal preventing penetration. Light is affected by […]
Materials expand when heated due to increased kinetic energy of atoms. The coefficient of linear expansion relates length difference to temperature change. Liquids expand with a coefficient of cuboidal expansion, while gases increase in pressure. Tables of values are available in engineering manuals. Thermal expansion must be considered in designing long items and parts with […]
The attenuation coefficient measures the decrease in intensity of an energy beam passing through an object. It is not the same as the coefficient used in mathematics. The coefficient is also a quantitative measure of an effect or property and can be used in various fields, such as x-rays and ultrasound. The attenuation coefficient is […]
The heat transfer coefficient measures how easily heat energy moves between materials, with factors such as temperature and convection affecting the transfer. It is important in industries such as cookware, machinery, and insulation. The coefficient is calculated using the amount of heat transferred per unit area and the temperature difference between surfaces. Understanding overall coefficients […]
The coefficient of kinetic friction is a unitless variable used to calculate the force of sliding friction in classical mechanics. It depends on material properties and the normal force on an object. The force of friction is independent of an object’s speed or size and is derived from empirical experiments. The coefficient of kinetic friction […]
Beta coefficient measures an asset’s risk and return relative to the market, used in CAPM and regression analysis. A beta of 1.0 means the asset moves in line with the market, while a beta above 1.0 is riskier and below 1.0 is less risky. Negative beta assets are less sensitive to systematic risk and can […]
