The US Supreme Court hears important cases and rules on the constitutionality of laws. Controversial cases include Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, and Roe v. Wade, which have had lasting impacts on politics, law, culture, and government. The United States Supreme Court, the highest court […]
Courtroom evidence includes admissible evidence, such as character, exculpatory, defendant, circumstantial, and demonstrative evidence. Character tests cannot prove a person’s actions, while circumstantial evidence supports claims indirectly. Demonstrative evidence includes visual aids to help explain a crime scene. Courtroom evidence typically includes a wide range of different types of admissible evidence that a presiding judge […]
A court martial is a military justice system for members of the armed forces or prisoners of war. Soldiers can be court-martialed for violations of military law, and most militaries have a code of justice. The court-martial process includes basic rights for soldiers, such as gathering evidence and calling witnesses. The trial must include a […]
Family courts specialize in family law cases, such as divorce, child custody, and adoption. They are designed to promote the well-being of children and families and are most commonly found in urban areas. Family courts work closely with child and family protection organizations and have the same etiquette as regular courts. Some family courts are […]
Court reporters transcribe spoken speech into written words in a legal environment, using machine shorthand or digital recorders. Training includes academic courses, and ongoing practice is necessary to maintain licenses. Court reporters can find profitable freelancing opportunities and work in the media industry. Court reporting is an occupation where a person transcribes recorded or spoken […]
A courtroom speech is a lawyer’s closing argument to persuade the judge or jury to rule in favor of their client. It summarizes evidence presented during the trial, may use exhibits and appeal to emotion. It differs from an opening statement and should have a strong opening, outline, and conclusion. Lawyers rehearse to keep it […]
“Iura novit curia” means “the court knows the law” and is a principle applied in civil law proceedings. The judge decides based on their knowledge of the law, not arguments made by the parties. In criminal law, lawyers argue the legal merits of the case, and the judge decides based on their observations. Iura novit […]
Preparing to be a court witness involves understanding the role, recalling factual details, and being aware of any rules. Witnesses should avoid lying or embellishing information, and should dress respectfully. They should also be prepared to answer questions clearly and slowly, and ask for clarification if needed. It’s important to remember the facts, but not […]
The UK Crown Court handles serious crimes and has over 90 seats in England and Wales. It oversees juvenile and adult cases and has a hierarchical judicial system. The High Court has limited control over the Crown Court, which was established in 1971 to replace smaller courts. Juveniles who commit heinous crimes are often sent […]
Preparing for traffic violation court varies depending on pleading guilty or contesting. Dress neatly, bring all documentation, and consider bringing witnesses or evidence. Practice speaking clearly and respectfully, and show the matter is taken seriously to persuade the judge. The steps to prepare for traffic violation court vary depending on whether someone intends to plead […]
Juvenile court handles cases involving minors accused of crimes or child protection issues. Delinquency matters can include non-criminal acts, and minors can be referred by parents or school officials. Cases are often handled differently than adult court, with judges considering various factors. In some cases, minors may be tried in adult court for serious crimes. […]
A federal court order is a directive issued by a federal court, which can be the main object of a proceeding. Different types of orders are issued throughout the proceedings, and only a final order can be appealed. Examples include search warrants and injunctions. A federal court order is a directive issued by a federal […]
Bankruptcy court in the US specializes in bankruptcy cases, with most cases being heard and resolved in bankruptcy court. Judges are appointed for 14-year terms, and appeals can be heard by Bankruptcy Appeals Boards. The process is prescribed by law, and respectful behavior is expected in court. In the American legal system, a bankruptcy court […]
Proper preparation of judicial evidence is crucial in civil or criminal trials. Each jurisdiction has specific rules for preparation and presentation, but universal rules include duplicating documents and labeling court exhibits. Evidence can be documentary, testimonial, tangible, or demonstrative. All evidence must be properly admitted and marked before trial. When a civil or criminal trial […]
Being a witness in a trial is an important responsibility. A formal summons will be issued, and the attorney may meet with you beforehand. In court, you will take an oath and be questioned by the party who called you, followed by cross-examination and redirection. One of the most crucial aspects of a fair legal […]
Divorce cases can be heard in a specific family court or a general civil court. The court can issue injunctions, custody and child support orders, and orders for disclosure of information. Filing fees can be waived for those who cannot afford them. Final divorce decrees are considered court orders, and non-compliance can result in a […]
District courts are part of the US federal judicial system, with at least one in every state, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. They hear criminal and civil cases that meet certain requirements, and judges are appointed for life. Cases can be referred to magistrates, and appeals can be made to the US court […]
Record courts keep permanent records of legal proceedings, while unregistered courts may not. Nearly all courts keep records, but only a few are officially designated as record courts. The Registrar is responsible for keeping court records, including evidence and written decisions. Appeals can be made to higher courts, and only licensed lawyers can represent clients […]
County courts handle legal matters at the county level and can deal with civil and criminal cases. They are overseen by a judge and may employ multiple judges. Court etiquette is expected, and violations can result in fines or jail time. Procedures for appellate judgments vary by country and state. A county court is a […]
A court-martial attorney represents the government or defendant in military court. They receive legal training and are designated judges’ attorneys. Military personnel are governed by the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and court-martials are convened for violations. Trial attorneys represent the government, while defense counsel represents the defendant. A panel of military personnel serves as […]
