Martial arts, originally for combat, is now used for self-defense, exercise, sports, mental development, and confidence building. There are different types of self-defense methods, including striking, joint locking, throwing, and hybrid. Each has unique characteristics. Martial arts have been practiced since ancient China, and some methods involve weapons. The hybrid method combines various techniques. Self-defense, […]
The US military budget is almost half of the world’s defense spending, with the Department of Defense’s budget exceeding $500 billion in 2010. The US Army receives the most funding, followed by the Navy and Air Force. The US military budget is more than double China’s entire military budget. The US military budget accounts for […]
The United States Secretary of Defense is a critical Cabinet position, advising the President on military policy and overseeing key aspects of the U.S. military. The Secretary must be a civilian and is subject to confirmation hearings. The position was created in 1947 and is considered among the “Big Four” in the Presidential Cabinet. The […]
The National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF) is a fleet of merchant vessels operated by MARAD for national defense. Fewer than 300 vessels are held in reserve, with less than a hundred in Ready Reserve. Ships are maintained by bare-bones crews and critics argue that most ships simply rot, while proponents argue that maintaining the fleet […]
The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is a US federal law defining marriage as between a man and a woman, giving states the power to determine their own laws regarding marriage and benefits. It was passed in 1996 and Section 3 was declared unconstitutional in 2013. DOMA was intended to expand states’ rights on marriage […]
Missile defense aims to neutralize missile threats, including long-range nuclear missiles, short-range tactical missiles, and those in different trajectory stages. Objectives include identifying, tracking, intercepting, and destroying incoming missiles. Many nations have missile defense programs, but some have been criticized for high costs and disappointing results. The development of missile defense systems has led to […]
The Twinkie Defense is a legal argument that a defendant’s impaired capacity was due to a biological factor at the time of the crime. It originated in the 1979 murder trial of Dan White, but Twinkies were never specifically mentioned. The defense used junk food consumption to illustrate White’s sinking into depression. The term has […]
Defense in depth is a security concept that uses multiple layers of protection to secure data. It involves people, technology, and operations, and was established by the US National Security Agency. The approach aims to slow down and detect attacks, and includes encryption, firewalls, and password protection. Defense in depth is an information technology (IT) […]
To become an assault defense attorney, complete high school, college, and law school, pass the bar exam, take criminal law classes, and gain experience through internships or jobs in criminal defense, prosecution, non-profit or public defender’s office. To become an assault defense attorney, a person generally must complete high school, college, and law school. In […]
Asteroid impacts are unlikely to wipe out humanity, with larger asteroids hitting Earth less than once a century. However, asteroids over 250m in diameter hit Earth about once every 50,000 years, and scientists are looking for ways to redirect them. Proposed methods include nuclear bombs, kinetic collisions, and the “gravity tractor” approach, but they take […]
Herbivores use mechanical, biochemical, behavioral, microbial, and host manipulation strategies to consume plants despite their defenses. Plants have physical, chemical, and other defenses to deter herbivores. Herbivores have adapted teeth, enzymes, and stomachs to cope with plant defenses, and some manipulate plants to maximize nutrition. Herbivores use five main categories of strategies to evade plant […]
Defendants accused of a criminal offense have the right to representation by a lawyer, and in some countries, they can receive an indigent defense if they cannot afford an attorney. The eligibility for indigent defense is determined by the court, and public defenders may represent the defendant. The right to an indigent defense may extend […]
Tips for a medical malpractice defense include choosing an experienced lawyer, demonstrating patient knowledge of risks, proving harm was not due to negligence, and using informed consent. Defendants may also focus on patient errors or omissions and claim patient actions contributed to their injury. Filing a medical malpractice lawsuit does not necessarily mean that a […]
Arson is the intentional act of setting fire to a structure, with varying degrees of punishment depending on the severity of the offense and jurisdiction. False accusations can be defended by establishing an alibi or lack of intent. Arson can include all types of structures and personal property, and different jurisdictions have different levels of […]
A statement of defense is a written response to a claim in a civil suit, affirming or denying the presented facts and introducing additional facts and defenses. Failure to respond can lead to legal liability. People can consult a lawyer for assistance and may introduce new facts or affirmative defenses. A counterclaim can also be […]
Product liability law holds manufacturers and sellers responsible for damages caused by defective products. The plaintiff need only prove the product was defective and used in a foreseeable manner. Defenses include proving the product was not defective or that the plaintiff used it in an unpredictable way. Product liability law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, […]
The Defense Base Act requires US government contractors to provide workers’ compensation insurance for employees working overseas on projects important to national security. Failure to comply can result in fines and loss of contracts. The legislation was originally for longshoremen on military bases and has since expanded. Auditors can request insurance documents, and employees can […]
A guardian is appointed by a court to care for someone who cannot care for themselves. Different types of guardianships exist, and a guardianship attorney can help with the process. State laws determine the process for applying for guardianship, and a hearing is held to appoint a guardian. The prospective ward is entitled to legal […]
Defendants must have the right “state of mind” to be convicted of most crimes. Mental disorders can deny this state of mind, with two categories of defense: insanity and intoxication. The defendant must prove a defect prevented them from forming the necessary state of mind. Tests for insanity include the “M’Naghten” rule and the “irresistible […]
Legal defense funds provide legal aid to those who cannot afford it, often organized around a cause. They offer legal advice and education, participate in class action lawsuits, and work with lawmakers to protect civil rights. They are supported by donations and may assist individuals with legal expenses. A legal defense fund is a charitable […]
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