Destructive distillation is a process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones by heating a substance in an oxygen-poor environment. It has been historically used to determine chemical compositions and harvest compounds. Common substances include wood, coal, and petroleum. The process is also used to recycle waste plastic and create products such as tar, […]
A distillation unit separates mixed liquids by heating them until each component reaches boiling point. It consists of a boiler, a column, a condenser, and storage vessels. Different types of distillation units include fractional, simple, steam, and vacuum distillation. A distillation unit is a set of machinery that is used to separate two or more […]
Distillation is the process of separating mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Fractional distillation is a type of distillation that separates components of a mixture with similar boiling points. https://x-playn/qual-e-la-differenza-tra-distillazione-e-distillazione-frazionata
Membrane distillation separates liquids by creating a temperature gradient across a membrane, allowing only steam to pass through and condense into purified liquid. It has various applications, including desalination, and requires little energy, making it suitable for remote areas. Membrane distillation is a process used to separate or purify liquids. The technology works by creating […]
In survival situations, finding potable water is crucial. Distilling urine can be done by boiling it in a covered container over a fire or through passive solar heating. The latter involves digging a hole, placing a clean vessel in the center, and covering the hole with a plastic sheet. Water condenses overnight and during the […]
Steam distillation is a method of extracting compounds that decompose at high temperatures by introducing steam into the raw material. It is used for compounds that decompose below their boiling points and can be used to isolate essential oils from plant material. Steam distillation is a method of isolating compounds that decompose at high temperatures […]
Solar distillation is a process that removes salt from water by using the sun as the primary heat source. Impure water is heated to turn it into steam, which condenses back into purified water. Solar stills can be freestanding, in a basin, or in a ground pit. This low-tech technology is useful in poor countries […]
Vacuum distillation separates volatile compounds from a liquid mixture by reducing pressure, inducing evaporation, and capturing and condensing the vapor. It is used in petroleum refining and can separate hundreds of hydrocarbons. It is suitable for high boiling point compounds and those dissolved in water. The apparatus can be simple or complex, from laboratory setups […]
Continuous distillation separates chemical compounds using distillation principles, allowing for uninterrupted distillation of large volumes of industrial chemicals. It is important in the petroleum industry, and uses a column filled with “feed” to purify the mixture. This method is more efficient than batch distillation, but only separates chemical groups known as fractions. Crude oil is […]
Fractional distillation separates mixtures into component products by heating and vaporizing them through a column where they condense at different temperatures. It is used in industrial chemistry and laboratories, and requires equipment that varies in size and composition. Chemists can specialize in distillation techniques for specific materials. Fractional distillation separates mixtures into component products in […]
Fractional distillation separates volatile compounds based on boiling points, but some blends require extractive distillation. Azeotropes cannot be separated by fractional distillation. Extractive distillation uses a high-boiling solvent to change relative volatilities and separate compounds. The solvent must have a higher boiling point than the less volatile substance and be introduced as a vapor. Examples […]
Multi-component distillation separates volatile compounds based on their boiling points in a distillation column. Heat causes molecules to escape the liquid phase and become a gas, which then cools and condenses back into liquid. Equilibrium mixtures are established on each phase, and liquid eventually concentrates into components. Petroleum is distilled into fractions, and designing a […]
Batch distillation is a process used in industries such as pharmaceuticals and spirits production to obtain a new product with a higher concentration of one of two liquids. The process involves heating, vaporizing, and cooling the liquids. The system includes a heating vessel, distillation column, liquid condenser, and collection lines. Tray columns allow for different […]
