Duty-free shops allow travelers to shop without paying local taxes on retail goods. However, prices can still be high due to the location of the stores. Some countries allow tax-free shopping outside of major airports or border crossings, but buyers may still need to pay taxes when returning home. A tax is a type of […]
When choosing a heavy-duty lathe, stability, torque, and tool holder design are important. A sturdy design is needed to hold large, light, or unruly objects, and enough torque is necessary to keep them moving. The design of the rest of the tool is also crucial for durability. Balancing functionality with price and application is key […]
Neglect of duty is a military offense for failing to perform a legal or moral duty. Dereliction of duty is a similar term used for elected officials. The consequences for military personnel can result in discharge or imprisonment, while elected officials may not be reelected or impeached. Two books, one about Clinton and one about […]
Heavy-duty actuators produce extreme torques and can exert 1,000 pounds or more of pressure. They come in rotary and linear types with electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic power sources. They are used in hot, dusty, and corrosive environments and traditionally built to be robust. While hydraulic types have been preferred, electric options are becoming contenders due […]
Unions in the US have a duty of fair representation to all employees, including non-union members. The National Labor Relations Act enforces this duty, requiring unions to treat all complaints equally and investigate reasonably. Union stewards are the first line of defense, but employees can sue if they feel unfairly represented. Unions also have other […]
People can be excused from jury duty if they have a situation or condition that makes it difficult for them to serve. Lying to be excused is illegal, and ignoring a summons is usually illegal. Exemptions may depend on jurisdiction and can include illness, childcare, financial hardship, and student status. Legitimate engagements can result in […]
The duty of loyalty has two legal meanings: for board members, it means putting the interests of the organization first, while for employees, it means not engaging in activities harmful to their employers. Violations can result in civil suits and penalties from regulators. Board members have a fiduciary responsibility to manage funds responsibly and in […]
“Duty cycle” is a term used to describe the period of time during which a machine is active. It can be used to determine efficiency and safety, and is calculated by dividing active time by a unit of time. It is used in various fields, including electronics and music production. “Duty cycle” is a term […]
Fiduciary duty is a legal responsibility when managing assets on behalf of someone else. Those in this position must act with loyalty and care, putting the client’s interests first and avoiding conflicts of interest. Breaching this duty can result in legal penalties. Contracts are often signed to outline responsibilities. A fiduciary duty is a legal […]
Disclosure obligations require parties to provide material information for decision-making, with legal requirements and penalties for breach. They apply in criminal and civil proceedings, corporate actions, insurance sales, and more. The law places a proactive responsibility on parties to disclose all relevant facts, especially in transactions where all parties operate on an equal footing. Disclosure […]
Jurors may receive compensation for serving in a trial, including mileage and temporary suspension from jury summons. Jurors are typically not compensated for the first day, but receive a daily rate thereafter. Court clerks can provide information and proof of service. Safety concerns may arise in high-profile cases, and jurors may receive security measures and […]
An obligation to mitigate damages is required in civil law, meaning a plaintiff must take reasonable steps to limit or minimize damages. Examples include a landlord re-letting a property and an injured actor finding other work. The duty to mitigate harm is reasonable under the circumstances and prevents unfair profit from the defendant’s tort. In […]
The jury duty scam involves someone claiming to be a court official and telling the victim they have failed in jury duty and there is a warrant out for their arrest. The scammer then asks for personal information. This scam can be avoided by not releasing personal information over the phone and verifying the information […]
Fiduciary duty requires trustees to prioritize the interests of the principal, and breaches can occur through conflicts of interest or subordinating the principal’s interests. The concept varies by country, with US stockbrokers exempt. Breaches resulting in profit for the trustee can be remedied through constructive trust. Fiduciary duty requires that the best interests of the […]
There are legitimate ways to avoid jury duty, such as financial or extreme hardship, being a public servant, or having certain age or educational requirements. Lying to avoid jury duty can result in fines or jail time. Some regions exempt students from jury duty, but the court clerk can deny requests. There are several legitimate […]
Customs law prevents illegal entry of people, goods, and contraband while promoting safe and lawful travel and trade. The US CBP enforces customs law, collects import duties, and prevents illegal contraband from entering the country. NAFTA eliminated barriers to cross-border investment and goods movement. Each country has specific customs laws, including prohibitions on firearms, endangered […]
Jury duty exemptions in the US vary by jurisdiction and include exemptions for government employees, military personnel, students, those over 70, and those with family or health issues. Recent jurors and those with criminal records may also be exempt. Employers are not required to pay employees for jury duty. In the United States, the different […]
Public safety personnel risk their lives to protect the public, and sometimes pay the ultimate price. A “death by line of duty” is honored with a special service and benefits for dependents. Benefits include Social Security, workers’ compensation, pensions, medical and dental benefits, and scholarships. Law enforcement officers, firefighters, military personnel, and other public safety […]
The duty of confidentiality is an ethical obligation imposed on someone by law, profession, or contract. Relationships such as attorney-client, doctor-patient, and priest-penitent are recognized as having a special status that prevents the disclosure of private information. The lawyer-client relationship is one of the most consolidated and inviolate, and the lawyer is ethically bound to […]
Covered bond obligations are investment grade bonds backed by a pool of junk bonds, often corporate bonds, of varying credit quality. They offer stable backing and credible interest rates, making them an attractive option for smaller investors. A covered bond obligation is a bond that is considered investment grade. The bond obligation is backed by […]
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