The bullwhip effect is caused by demand factors, ineffective communication, and batch orders. Point of sale systems can help stores avoid inaccuracies and meet consumer demand levels. Companies in a recession can adjust inventory levels by looking at macro-level marketing trends. Demand factors are the number one contributor to the bullwhip effect. These factors are […]
The Fisher effect is a theory that states that when inflation rises, interest rates will also rise by the same amount. Irving Fisher, an economist, developed this theory and became well-known for it. The International Fisher effect allows economists to compare the currencies of two countries based on interest rates. However, some economists do not […]
The wealth effect theory suggests that as consumers perceive their wealth to increase, their spending also increases. This is often influenced by rising home and stock values, which boost consumer confidence. However, not all economists believe in this theory, citing examples like the dot.com boom and bust of the early 2000s. The wealth effect is […]
A substitution effect occurs when a price change motivates consumers to buy less of a high-priced product and replace it with a lower-priced one, without changing their overall spending. This is due to budget constraints and does not necessarily require products to be the same. Sometimes known as a type of substitution swap, a substitution […]
The simple exposure effect in psychology shows that people prefer familiar things, even if they are not the best choice. This affects human behavior, relationships, and advertising campaigns. The brain’s preference for familiarity can be positive but also dangerous. The simple exposure effect is a phenomenon in psychology where people tend to prefer something or […]
The Somogyi effect is the body’s response to low blood sugar by producing high blood sugar. It is named after Michael Somogyi, who discovered insulin treatment for diabetes. The effect is caused by counter-regulatory hormones, which induce hyperglycemia. Avoiding low blood sugar is the only way to prevent it. Some researchers doubt the validity of […]
The Bradley effect is when non-white political candidates perform better in polls than in actual elections against white candidates. It is named after Tom Bradley, an African American man who lost the 1982 California gubernatorial race despite leading in polls. The phenomenon is thought to be caused by racial biases and conservative-leaning swing voters. While […]
The training effect refers to the amount of effort an athlete must exert to receive fitness benefits from exercise. Experienced athletes require more intense training to receive the same benefits as less experienced athletes. The concept applies to both cardiovascular and weight training. Athletes must continually increase the difficulty of their workouts to improve their […]
The overjustification effect is when an external reward reduces internal motivation to perform a task. Studies show that promised rewards can cause people to associate tasks with external motivation, leading to a decrease in engagement. Critics argue that rewards can reinforce behavior. The overjustification effect is a phenomenon in which the presence of an extrinsic […]
The Jungle Effect diet emphasizes the benefits of local, minimally processed foods and communal dining. Dr. Daphne Miller’s book explores the eating patterns of cultures with the healthiest diets, regardless of whether they live near jungles. Ancestral eating patterns may be optimal for consumption, and foods high in fat are not necessarily bad. The jungle […]
Full screen effects are applied to computer graphics scenes after rendering, creating various results such as motion blur, bloom lighting, and color filtering. These effects are simpler and more resource-intensive than applying them to individual objects in the scene. A full screen effect is one way that a variety of computer graphics applications can add […]
A tilted uterus, or retroverted uterus, is when the uterus points towards the spine instead of forward. It can cause discomfort during pregnancy, but typically has no significant health risks. Symptoms include painful intercourse, low back pain, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections. Surgery may be needed in severe cases. The uterus usually […]
The Slashdot effect is a surge in traffic to a small website caused by a link from a larger site. This can overload servers and take the site offline temporarily. Other sites like Digg and Fark can also cause this effect. While it can be flattering, it can also be problematic and expensive for site […]
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension, with intensity depending on particle size. It can be used to detect colloids and ultra-microscopic particles, and to make invisible light visible. It has practical applications in science and medicine. The Tyndall effect occurs when particles within a colloid or […]
The Casimir effect is a small attractive force between two plates in a vacuum caused by vacuum quantum fluctuations. It was predicted by Hendrik Casimir in 1948 and experimentally verified in 1958. The force is too small for current technologies but may be useful for micromechanical or nanomechanical devices in the future. The Casimir effect […]
The photovoltaic effect creates electric current from electromagnetic radiation hitting a material, such as solar cells. Different types of radiation cause different levels of exposure, and the concept was first observed in 1902. Solar cells harness the effect by absorbing photons from sunlight and producing electricity. The technology is used for general power, spacecraft, and […]
The Ferranti effect causes voltage to rise at the end of an AC transmission line, and is more common in buried lines. Shunt reactors and capacitors can stabilize power flow and compensate for the effect. Power factor must be considered when compensating for the effect. The Ferranti effect is a term that describes an electrical […]
The Doppler effect occurs when an object emitting sound or light moves relative to an observer, causing a change in frequency. This effect is named after Christian Doppler and can be used for measurements in astronomy and medical imaging, among other fields. The Doppler shift is something that occurs when something that emits sound or […]
Blood sugar-lowering effects can be harmful, causing hypoglycemia, which can result from diabetes, disease, drugs, tumors, or enzyme/hormone deficiencies. Symptoms include headaches, tiredness, hunger, and irritability, and can lead to muscle pain, fainting, excessive sweating, memory loss, and hallucinations. Foods high in simple carbohydrates, high-starch foods, and drinks containing alcohol or caffeine can cause hypoglycemia. […]
The sleeper effect is a delayed persuasion process where people initially ignore a message but gradually come to believe it. It occurs when a message is powerful enough to survive initial distrust, and is most noticeable in propaganda and advertising. The effect may be more useful in contexts where the source of the message is […]
