Thermionic emission is the process by which charge carriers move over a surface or energy barrier by induction of heat. This allows for the flow of electrons and is used in vacuum tubes and solid-state devices. Richardson’s law explains why electrons can flow this way. Thermionic emission, also known as thermal electron emission, is the […]
Emissions regulations are rules that vehicles must follow to be legally driven on the road. They attempt to regulate the production of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, and are set to slow the effects of climate change and improve air quality. The US and EU have the strictest standards, while developing countries have limited or […]
Methane emissions, released into the atmosphere from natural and human-related sources, are a growing concern due to their contribution to global warming. While natural sources are expected, human-related sources such as fossil fuel production and livestock fermentation are increasing. Efforts to reduce emissions include transferring gas to consumers and producing electricity from coal mining. Methane […]
Emissions limits set a maximum amount of pollutants that can be produced. Caps and trades system allows companies to trade credits to meet emissions targets. Monitoring emissions is expensive and can be difficult to enforce. Emissions caps encourage innovation and competition. An emissions limit is a government standard that sets the maximum amount of a […]
CO2 is a gas in Earth’s atmosphere and is emitted naturally through various processes, including the carbon cycle. However, human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have increased CO2 emissions beyond natural levels. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. Individuals can take cost-effective steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, […]
Emission credits are part of carbon trading, where a government puts a price on carbon emissions and places a cap on the amount of emissions that can be produced. Companies that reduce emissions below the cap receive credits that can be sold or deposited. This model aims to reduce collective emissions, and monitoring systems ensure […]
Flame emission spectroscopy is a destructive chemical analysis technique that observes energy emitted by excited atoms returning to their ground state. The method identifies spectral signatures of different elements with a sensitive detector. The process involves creating a sample aerosol or placing a small sample in a holder in the flame. The emission is magnified […]
Emission spectroscopy analyzes the unique electromagnetic radiation emitted by each element to identify chemicals. There are two types of spectra: continuous and line. A continuous spectrum is determined by an object’s temperature, while a line spectrum is produced by gas or plasma. Spectroscopes are used to observe emission spectra, and flame tests can identify elements […]
Emissions tests measure vehicle pollution and are required every two years in most states. Failing vehicles must be repaired before use. Testing requirements have changed since the Clean Air Act of 1970, and different tests are used based on vehicle age. The I/M 240 test is used for vehicles built between 1981 and 1995, while […]
Emissions are pollutants released into the atmosphere from sources such as cars, factories, and boats. Emission standards are regulations that limit pollution, set by individual nations or bodies like the EU. Non-compliance can have consequences, but emissions standards can also benefit consumers by promoting fuel efficiency. Emissions generally refer to various pollutants released into the […]
Atomic emission spectroscopy measures the energy of atoms in a sample by adding energy to see what happens to the atoms. The machine recognizes the light energy and calculates the concentrations of individual elements. Samples must be decomposed into free atoms, and each element produces a distinctive set of photons. Atomic absorption spectroscopy works on […]
Positron emission is a type of radioactive decay that produces a positron, which is the antimatter counterpart of an electron. This process is used in medical imaging studies, such as positron emission tomography (PET), to visualize body functions and diagnose medical conditions. PET scans are non-invasive and can provide valuable information, particularly in neurology research. […]
Flame emission spectroscopy is a destructive chemical analysis technique that identifies elements based on their distinct spectral signatures. A sample is aerosolized and pumped through a flame, causing energy emission that is detected and recorded. The process can be used for calibration and identifying unknown compounds. Some compounds have recognizable emissions visible to the naked […]
A reclamation issue is an additional stock offer to current stockholders, often used to avoid increasing total dividend payouts. It benefits both the company and shareholders, and can be a good PR strategy. The number of shares offered is typically related to the number of shares each shareholder already has. Companies can use different formulas […]
