A leave of absence was a church benefit granted before the holder’s death, usually in the form of land grants and income. Expectations were once common but banned in the 12th century. Some dioceses continued to offer them. The church used this system to reward loyal servants and retain control over its lands. Reforms were […]
US citizens have a right to privacy, protected by the Fourth Amendment, which applies to search and seizure cases. The expectation of privacy applies to personal effects and property, but not to subjective expectations. Private individuals cannot be sued for Fourth Amendment violations. The expectation of privacy is a right codified in US constitutional law […]
Expectancy theory explains how people choose actions to achieve desired outcomes. It focuses on valence, instrumentality, and expectancy, and recognizes individuality. It was proposed by Victor Vroom and differs from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Employers can motivate employees by ensuring rewards are valued, certain, and achievable. Expectancy theory is a behavioral […]
