The Federal Aviation Commission predicts air travel will double by 2032, with passenger travel increasing from 814 billion miles to 1.57 trillion miles and cargo travel increasing from 37 billion miles to nearly 102 billion miles. International distances flown are expected to increase by 4.4% annually. Environmentalists discourage air travel due to high carbon emissions. […]
Expected return is the average value investors expect an asset to gain or lose over a given period, calculated by weighting all possible financial outcomes by their probability. Actual returns may differ, and abnormal returns can occur due to mergers, interest rate changes, or lawsuits. Investors use various methods to predict expected returns, but risk-free […]
Expected monetary value is a probability-based value that considers all possible monetary outcomes of a situation. It is calculated by multiplying the percentage of each possibility by the monetary gain or loss associated with that outcome. This tool is useful for decision-making and risk management assessments. The expected monetary value is a probability-based value that […]
Expected return and standard deviation are important factors in investment decisions. Expected return is the average return over a period of time, while standard deviation measures the extent to which returns differ from the expected return. The higher the standard deviation, the lower the probability of achieving the expected return. Investors must consider risk tolerance […]
