Two-phase flow is a process where a fluid changes from gas to liquid or vice versa, commonly used for heat transfer in refrigeration, air conditioning, and climate control systems. The fluid chosen must have compressibility as a gas and heat-absorbing capacity as a fluid. In a typical air conditioning unit, the fluid is compressed into […]
Carton flow is an inventory storage system where cartons are stacked on an inclined rack, allowing for easy and efficient picking. The system consists of shelving with rack shelves, and can be customized to fit the needs of the business. It is cost-effective and can be expanded as needed. Carton flow is an inventory storage […]
A flow restrictor is a device used to slow or restrict the flow of liquid or gas in households and manufacturing. It increases safety, conserves resources, and simplifies flow control. The restrictor is typically a special head that creates shapes to naturally restrict flow, and can be adjustable. It is mainly used for liquid but […]
A flow control valve regulates liquid or gas flow and can be mechanical or non-mechanical. Hydraulic mechanisms are used for automatic control valves, while external devices regulate others. Safety and altitude valves are examples of flow control valves. A flow control valve is a mechanical device used to regulate and control the flow of a […]
Material flow management aims to use materials efficiently in industry, reducing costs and creating a safer environment. It considers economic, environmental, and social effects, optimizing processes and reducing waste. Professionals use software and fleet management tools to track performance and reduce fuel consumption. Material flow management refers to the practice of using materials efficiently in […]
Flow marks, or lines that appear faded from the rest of the printed material, can occur during injection molding due to slow injection rates. This is seen as a defect and manufacturers monitor equipment to reduce their incidence. However, flow marks can also be intentionally created for an interesting pattern. Sometimes known as flow lines, […]
Pitot tubes measure flow based on air pressure and density, using Bernoulli’s principles. They calculate stagnation pressure, requiring a measurement of external static air pressure for velocity calculations. Pitot tubes are used in aircraft to determine airspeed, but factors such as ice buildup can affect accuracy. Henri Pitot invented the pitot tube in 1732, and […]
Flow cytometry uses fluorescent dyes to label individual cells passing through a stream, allowing for analysis of cell types and markers. The process involves staining cells with antibodies and passing them through a flow cytometer with lasers and photomultiplier tubes. Software is used to analyze the data. Flow cytometry is the study of individual cells […]
Gene flow is the transfer of alleles between populations, increasing or decreasing genetic diversity. It occurs within and between species, with bacteria being able to transfer genes between species. Migration and pollen transfer are examples of gene flow, with some enhancing biodiversity and others limiting natural variation. Gene flow can erase unique traits and ecologists […]
A flow reactor continuously creates products by adding raw materials to a series of tubes, with temperature control and mixing methods such as coils, packings, and baffles. Catalysts can be added to aid reactions and ensure consistent product quality. Tube design and flow rates are important for achieving plug flow conditions. A flow reactor is […]
Laminar flow is a smooth flow of fluids or gases, while turbulent flow has disruptions. Laminar flow is important for jumbo jets and ventilation systems, while it can also play a key role in pumping and control systems. Engineers must consider laminar or turbulent flow when designing systems, as it can have major implications for […]
Flow measurement is the process of determining the amount of material flowing through a system, usually a pipe or duct, using flowmeters such as orifice, turbine, venturi, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic. The type of flowmeter used depends on the properties of the substance being measured. Correction or compensation factors can be used to improve calculated flow […]
Platelet flow cytometry is a laboratory test that examines platelet activity and concentration in a blood sample. It can be used for diagnosis, treatment assessment, and research. The test involves using a flow cytometer to identify particles in the sample and can be enhanced with specific tags to highlight certain proteins. Patients can discuss their […]
Cash flow tracking is essential for businesses to maintain financial stability and identify potential issues. It involves recording transactions in a cash journal to monitor revenue and expenses, and ensure positive cash flow. This applies to general operations and special projects. Cash flow is generally understood as the total amount of cash a business generates […]
Cash flow hedge protects against variable cash flow risk caused by assets or liabilities generating income differently than expected. It uses derivative instruments like call or put options to limit exposure to risks like currency, price, or financial instruments. To qualify, the hedge must meet certain criteria. A cash flow hedge is a type of […]
Cash flow solutions are essential for maintaining day-to-day operations and can also be used during expansion or mergers. Examples include factoring, purchase order financing, lines of credit, loans, and raising prices. Payment modes such as electronic fund transfers and credit/debit cards are also used. Cash flow is essentially the amount of cash flowing in and […]
CFROI is a valuation model that determines an investment’s price based on the current state of cash flow, with the return needing to exceed the corporation’s internal hurdle rate. While some support the strategy, others believe external factors must also be considered. Also known as CFROI, the cash flow return on investment is a type […]
Fluid flow can be categorized as laminar, turbulent, or transitional. Laminar flow is smooth and predictable, while turbulent flow is chaotic and favored by rough surfaces and low viscosity fluids. Transitional flow combines both types. Turbulence is important in aviation, with wake turbulence and airfoil turbulence affecting aircraft performance. Methods to reduce turbulence are being […]
The Coriolis effect does not affect the direction of water draining in sinks, tubs, or showers. The direction of water flow is determined by the shape of the vessel and the flow of water. Hurricanes twist in different directions in the northern and southern hemispheres due to the Coriolis effect. The idea that water discharges […]
Improving cash flow is crucial for a company’s health. To do so, consider payment terms, late payment fees, discounts for early payment, timely invoice submission, and understanding customer payment policies. Making improvements to the company’s cash flow is important to the overall health of the company. Even large companies with lots of resources on hand […]
