Germ Cell Tumors: What are they?

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are abnormal growths of cells that arise from germ cells, which can occur in the ovaries or testicles, or during embryonic development. GCTs are treated with chemotherapy or surgery. Teratomas are encapsulated tumors that can include many different types of body tissue. GCTs can be germinomatous or non-germinal, with many varieties […]

Germ layers?

Animals have germ layers, with sponges having one, cnidarians having two, and all other animals having three. Diploblastic animals have radial symmetry, while triploblastic animals have bilateral symmetry. The three germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The mesoderm is an evolutionary innovation that allowed for complex and large animals with a coelom, which cushions […]

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