[ad_1] The Gram stain test identifies bacterial species by detecting lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans in cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have high peptidoglycan levels, while Gram-negative bacteria have lower levels with lipopolysaccharides. The test involves treating a bacterial sample with gentian violet iodine solution, rinsing with water, applying Gram’s solution, rinsing with ethyl alcohol, and applying a […]
[ad_1] Gold is measured in grams and valued in different currencies using symbols such as dd, AUG, and GAU. It has been used as a display of wealth for centuries and is essential for international trade. Gold reserves are held by central banks and can be used to raise funds. Digital gold currencies are electronic […]
