Qatar’s extreme heat has led to air-conditioned outdoor venues, including plans for eight open-air football stadiums cooled for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. The country’s changes due to global warming serve as a warning for the rest of the world to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Qatar is the world’s richest and safest country, with 1% […]
A heat engine converts heat into mechanical work by passing through a hot source and a cold sink in a specific thermodynamic cycle. Examples include steam engines and gas turbines. Efficiency depends on the temperature difference, and is limited by the cold sink’s temperature. The efficiency of heat engines varies, with car engines achieving around […]
Heat treated pallets are specially treated to prevent insects and fungi from being transported. The International Organization for Standardization regulates the size of wooden pallets for shipping. Heat treated pallets must be certified according to ISPM 15 heat treatment requirements. To create a heat-treated pallet, the wood must be heated to at least 132.8 degrees […]
Heat registers cover the holes where ductwork enters a room and regulate airflow with adjustable slats. They come in different materials and shapes for different entry points. Proper maintenance is necessary for optimal function. Many heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems consist of ductwork that runs between the furnace and individual rooms in a […]
A waste heat recovery boiler recycles energy from a process to create steam, reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. There are two types: fire-tube and water-tube boilers. Water-tube boilers can handle higher pressures and respond quickly to heat input. Waste heat boilers can be used in cogeneration plants to improve efficiency. A heat […]
A heat wheel is a rotating device used to reduce energy consumption in air conditioning by flowing hot and cold air streams through opposing halves. It balances temperatures and reduces equipment size and long-term costs, but requires adjacent air streams, cleaning filters, and maintenance. It is best used in places with a large outside air […]
Heating load is the amount of heat required per hour to maintain a desired temperature in a space. It is calculated using factors such as space size, layout, and potential for heat loss. It is important to determine the heating load before installing a heating system to ensure efficiency and sustainability. A heating load is […]
Heating elements come in many shapes and sizes, including heating coils made of ceramic or metal that are heated by electric current. They are found in hair dryers, stoves, ovens, portable heaters, and water heaters. Heating coils produce fast and efficient heat but consume large amounts of electricity. Baseboard heaters use a similar design with […]
Heat resistant glue is designed to withstand high temperatures without melting or degrading. It may have bonding issues with certain materials and color and bond strength should be considered. Different brands are suited for different purposes, so choose a glue that meets your needs without exceeding them. Heat resistant glue is similar to any other […]
A heat exchanger transfers heat between fluids, with some designs using a solid wall to separate them. Fins or corrugations can increase surface area and induce turbulence. Common appliances containing a heat exchanger include air conditioners, refrigerators, and stoves. There are three primary flow arrangements and four different designs of heat exchangers, with the shell […]
Heat treated wood is exposed to high temperatures to improve its utility, limit shrinkage and swelling, and prevent rotting. Common species include pine, aspen, and spruce, used for floors, walls, ceilings, and furniture. Wood used for packing materials requires a less intense temperature to eliminate pests. ISPM 15 requires all wood packaging material to be […]
Heat exhaustion can be fatal if left untreated, causing heat stroke and cardiac arrest. Symptoms include dizziness, headache, vomiting, unconsciousness, and profuse sweating. It can be easily avoided by staying hydrated and avoiding overexposure to heat. Elderly and young children are more prone to heat-related illnesses. Treatment includes removing the individual from the heat, providing […]
A heat number is a code printed on metal to track its origins and is important for quality control. It includes information on the furnace used, casting year, and casting number. The number can be used to trace materials, match replacement parts, and investigate accidents. Manufacturers can use it even if not required by law. […]
Air source heat pumps use outside air to heat buildings, reducing costs and carbon footprint. They require little maintenance and have minimal running costs. They are less efficient than ground source pumps but more efficient than gas, oil or electric heating. They can be installed in existing buildings, but installation during construction is more cost-effective. […]
Air source heat pumps use outside air to heat buildings, reducing heating costs and carbon footprint. They require little maintenance and have minimal running costs. There are two types of heat pumps, air and ground, with air being the most common. They work by transferring heat from a cooler area to a hotter area. They […]
Heat transfer machines use hot heat and ink to print designs on various items, including T-shirts and mugs. The two most common types are platen and rotary drum machines, with designs composed of ink on backing paper. Heat transfer machines are cheaper and more environmentally friendly than other printing methods. From baseball caps to T-shirts, […]
Heat transfer printing allows for easy customization of items like t-shirts and coffee cups. Iron-on transfers can be made using either topical transfer or sublimation printing, with the latter creating a chemical bond between ink and fabric. Sublimation printing works best on synthetic materials, but can also be used on non-synthetic items with a polymer […]
Heat sealers are devices that use heat to seal plastic packaging and are used by various industries. There are two types: automatic and impulse. They can be used with different plastics and have temperature control. They can also be combined with vacuum packers for food preservation. Heat seal bags come in different sizes and shapes, […]
Heat detectors warn of fires by detecting a certain temperature or rate of temperature increase. They are useful in areas where smoke detectors are not appropriate. Two types are rate-of-rise and fixed-temperature, with different detection methods. Heat detectors are not meant to replace smoke detectors, but rather supplement them for a more reliable fire alarm […]
Water heat recycling uses a heat exchanger to transfer heat from wastewater to cold incoming water, reducing energy consumption and costs. Systems vary in design and cost, and can be retrofitted into existing structures. Preheated water reduces overall energy consumption and can be further optimized by hooking up to a gray water recycler. Grants and […]
