The Choctaw Nation has a long history, including contact with Europeans, participation in armed conflicts, and the tragic Trail of Tears. In the 20th century, the tribe reorganized and gained sovereignty, with two major bands now owning and operating casino resorts and other businesses. The Choctaw Nation is a Native American tribe in the American […]
The Fort Worth Museum of Science and History focuses on science and history related to Texas. It was established in 1941 as the Fort Worth Children’s Museum and has interactive exhibits, a planetarium, and collections of minerals, fossils, and plants. The museum’s library and archive contain information on various topics, including Major General Worth and […]
Baking powder was invented in 1843 and is weaker than baking soda, working in two stages. It is made by mixing baking soda with a starch and an acidic compound. Baking powder is easier to control and can be substituted with baking soda and cream of tartar. Baking powder is such a popular baking ingredient […]
The South Carolina state seal was authorized in 1776 after a Revolutionary War victory. It features two ovals joined by palm branches, with a palmetto tree, spears, and shields representing independence and solidarity, and the goddess of hope representing the state’s future. The history of the South Carolina state seal is tied to a historic […]
The Maine state flag was adopted in 1909 and features the state coat of arms with a pine tree, moose, sailor, and peasant. The blue background represents the US flag, and the North Star symbolizes Maine’s seafaring heritage. The state flag of Maine as it flies today was adopted on February 24, 1909. The flag […]
Illinois has had four seals, with the first resembling the US seal. The third, adopted in 1868, features an eagle holding a shield and an olive branch, with the state motto “Sovereignty of the State, National Union” arranged to emphasize “National Union”. The seal is surrounded by the date of the adoption of the first […]
The Maryland state flag combines the yellow and black quadrants from George Calvert’s paternal crest with the red and white quadrants from his maternal crest. The design was created to symbolize unity after the Civil War and was officially adopted in 1904. The history of the Maryland state flag has its roots in the heraldic […]
The Oklahoma state flag features an Osage warrior shield with a calumet and olive branch, representing peace and harmony between white and Native residents. The shield has white crosses symbolizing the pursuit of excellence on a sky-blue background honoring the Choctaw nation’s flag. The current flag was adopted in 1925, replacing a red flag with […]
General Motors is the second largest automaker in the world, founded in 1908 by William C. Durant in Flint, Michigan. The company has faced periods of success and difficulty, including being bailed out by the federal government in 2008. It employs over 250,000 people worldwide and has total assets of around $149 billion USD. General […]
Business history studies the origins and development of business institutions, drawing on economics, political science, and labor history. It originated in the US and UK, but is now studied worldwide, with a focus on topics such as management, entrepreneurship, and government regulation. Harvard Business School was an early leader in the field, and interdisciplinary methods […]
The Utah state seal, designed by Harry Edwards, was adopted in 1896 and features a beehive with the motto “Industry.” Other elements include an American bald eagle, golden arrows, and tallow lilies. The seal is surrounded by two gold braids with the text “THE GREAT SEAL OF THE STATE OF UTAH” and “1896.” The design […]
The Kentucky state flag has undergone many changes in design, including different clothing, handshakes, and attitudes of the two representative men. After many attempts, the flag was finally designed as originally intended in 1962, with a frontiersman and statesman shaking hands on a navy blue field with the state motto and flower. The history of […]
The Iowa state flag was designed in 1917 by the Daughters of the American Revolution in response to requests from the National Guard. It features a tricolor background with an eagle carrying blue banners featuring the state motto. The flag was officially adopted in 1921 and must be flown every school day in Iowa. Unlike […]
The New Jersey state seal, designed by Pierre Eugene du Simitiere, was approved by the legislature in 1777. It features five symbols, including a horse’s head and helmet, a shield with three plows, and female figures representing Ceres and Liberty. The seal has undergone subtle changes over the years, including the figures facing the viewer […]
Missouri’s state flag was designed by Marie Elizabeth Oliver and became official in 1913 after several attempts. Oliver’s design was chosen for its symbolic richness and depiction of Missouri’s independence. The original flag was donated to the state in 1961 and restored in 1988 for display at the James C. Kirkpatrick State Information Center. The […]
The Zuni Indians have a long history in the southwestern United States, beginning with the Anasazi Indians and expanding with the Zuni’s agricultural improvements and the founding of seven cities. Spanish explorers passed through the area in search of riches, and the Zuni signed a treaty with the Spanish after a period of rebellion. The […]
The Florida state flag has remained the same since it was created in 1900, featuring a red “X” of St. Andrew’s on a white field with the state seal in the center. The red diagonal lines represent the branches of the tree from which St. Andrew was lynched. The historic seal depicts a Seminole Indian […]
North Dakota’s state flag was designed in 1911, based on the battle flag of the North Dakota Infantry Regiment during the Spanish-American War. The flag features an American bald eagle holding an olive branch and arrows, with a scroll below reading “North Dakota.” The state motto is “Liberty and union, one and inseparable, now and […]
The State Seal of Hawaii represents the island’s transition from a tribal monarchy to a democratic government. It retains the shield and motto from the Royal Coat of Arms, but with changes to symbolize the new state. The final design was completed in 1959 when Hawaii achieved statehood. The seal features a red phoenix and […]
Ohio’s state flag, designed in 1901 by John Eisenmann, is unique among US flags due to its pennant shape. It features a blue triangle with 17 white stars representing the state’s geography and history. The red circle with a white border symbolizes the state’s name and its fruit, the buckeye. The flag’s design elements emphasize […]
