The interstellar medium is a mixture of gas and dust found between stars in a galaxy, with 99% gas and 1% dust. Astrophysicists study it as it influences the star formation process. Francis Bacon first acknowledged its existence in 1626. It is cold and blocks visible light, but infrared rays can get through. The interstellar […]
Interstellar spacecraft have been built, but current technology limits their speed. Nuclear and solar sails are feasible options, while antimatter and electromagnetic launchers require more advanced technology. A nuclear pulse propulsion design could reach 10% of the speed of light, while antimatter and electromagnetic launchers could reach closer to the speed of light, but face […]
Interstellar travel can be achieved through nuclear pulse propulsion, fusion rockets, laser-powered light sails, and antimatter-based propulsion. Antimatter and light sails are the fastest and most promising methods. Nuclear pulse propulsion was within reach in the 1950s and 1960s but is now prohibited. Slowing down at the destination is a challenge, and light sails may […]
Interstellar spacecraft require advanced propulsion and navigation systems due to the vast distances between star systems. Solid-fuel chemical rockets are insufficient, and new methods of propulsion must be devised. The psychological well-being of occupants during the journey is also a challenge. Proposed designs include Project Orion, the Bussard ramjet, and the solar sail. Other designs, […]
