Common law agreements are legally binding contracts between cohabiting partners who wish to be recognized as married without a ceremony. They detail property, custody, and financial arrangements, and may include provisions for dispute resolution. Dissolution requires legal divorce proceedings. Some local jurisdictions recognize the validity of a common law agreement. It is a legally binding […]
The law of evidence governs what is permissible in a trial, with different laws in each jurisdiction. Evidence must be gathered legally and be relevant to the case. Hearsay is not admissible, and evidence must prove an element of the crime or create a defense. The law of evidence refers to the body of law […]
Avogadro’s law states that in ideal gases with equal pressure, volume, and temperature, the number of particles is the same regardless of the gas. It is used in the ideal gas equation PV=nRT, but this equation has limitations due to the ideal gas assumptions. Modifications like “a” and “b” parameters or virial expansion terms can […]
The three laws of thermodynamics govern the transfer and behavior of matter and energy. The first law states that energy in an isolated system remains constant, while the second law states that systems tend towards disorder and entropy. The second law overrides the first, and cosmologists use it to create theories about the eventual fate […]
International humanitarian law governs how wars are fought and protects civilians, prisoners of war, and infrastructure. The Geneva and Hague Conventions formalize the laws of war, define war crimes, and provide a framework for prosecuting war criminals. The law also regulates weapons used in warfare and offers protection to refugees and prisoners of war. Customary […]
Consignment is an arrangement where the owner of an item delivers it to a seller, who sells it and pays the owner a percentage of the sale price. The owner retains ownership until the item is sold and may cancel the agreement. Consignment offers benefits to both parties, but legal rules and restrictions vary by […]
Constitutional law interprets and upholds the US Constitution, while administrative law governs government agencies. The Supreme Court ensures compliance with constitutional requirements such as due process, which is essential in administrative law. Administrative agencies create rules and regulations that have the force of law and must comply with constitutional requirements. The Constitution is the blueprint […]
Perjury law makes it a crime to lie under oath or in written testimony, with penalties including probation, community service, compensation, and prison. The law applies to various situations, and proving the offense can be difficult. A conviction leaves a permanent stain on the criminal record, and a defense strategy called the defense of literal […]
Federal common law is determined by federal courts and can only deal with matters delegated to the federal government. Judge’s opinions become binding and part of common law, distinct from statutory law. Federal common law deals with matters under federal jurisdiction, such as taxes and securities law. It must be enforced by federal courts and […]
Securities law regulates the sale of stocks, bonds, and other equity and debt instruments by corporations. Each country has its own laws and regulations, but the US is often used as a normative example. Securities in the US are regulated at the federal and state levels, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requiring companies […]
Embezzlement is the misuse of funds or property by those entrusted to safeguard them, and is a crime worldwide. Misappropriation can also refer to the unauthorized use of information or ideas. Embezzlement can be difficult to detect, but audits and reports can help. Penalties vary, including jail time and career hindrance. Embezzlement is the use […]
International law covers the conduct of nations, people, and organizations in international activities. Lawyers with international experience can work for governments, NGOs, and corporations. Experience in a specific legal field is preferred, and cross-cultural and language skills are valuable. Working on international projects and living abroad can help secure international law jobs. International law concerns […]
A closing argument is the final opportunity for lawyers to summarize their case and persuade the judge or jury. It is also called a summation and can last over an hour. In criminal cases, the prosecutor speaks first and may have a chance to refute the defense lawyer’s summary. Lawyers use various persuasive tools, such […]
Sentence modification is the process of changing a sentence based on new information. Judges have discretion in sentencing, and new factors must demonstrably alter the approach to the sentence. Sentence modification is not the same as an appeal, which aims to overturn a conviction. Sentence modification is a procedure in which a sentence already given […]
The deceased is a legal term for a dead person, used in legal documents and by law enforcement. Investigations into suspicious deaths aim to secure justice and deter others. Wills and taxes are also affected by death. The formality of the term can be used as a psychological tactic in court. For legal purposes, a […]
International space law regulates activities in space and has its origins in the 1950s. The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is a key body involved in space law. Space is available for everyone to use and no one should claim or control any part of it. International space law covers topics such […]
The law of rent, also known as Ricardian rent, is an economic theory developed by David Ricardo in 1808. It states that the value of land is equal to the amount earned by using it for its most productive purpose compared to the most productive vacant land. Ricardian rent affects the rental price of land […]
A real estate law firm is a group of legal professionals who specialize in real estate matters, such as tenant eviction and property line disputes. They can serve a diverse client base, including real estate investors, developers, and owners. These firms may limit their activity to residential or commercial cases and may operate internationally. They […]
Extortion is a crime where one party is threatened with negative consequences if they do not comply. Violence is not necessary, and victims may be lured into transactions due to the threat of revealing damaging information. Extortion can involve property or requests for actions, and the crime can occur at different stages depending on jurisdiction. […]
A dogwood law is a legal principle widely accepted by courts and the public. Hornbooks are textbooks that provide a primer on basic legal principles, or Hornbook law, and are used as a study aid by law students. They offer a condensed history of how the law has evolved and an explanation of how it […]
