International trade law governs sales between companies in multiple countries and has a major impact on global economic development. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is the code of conduct. The law requires an international trade contract outlining guidelines for entering foreign markets, including agreements on exporting, using foreign […]
The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA) requires consumer goods to be labeled with standardized units of measurement in both metric and non-metric units. The law aims to ensure transparency on consumer safety and fairness issues. The label must state the product, manufacturer’s name and address, and net content. The FPLA was created to reduce […]
Feminist jurisprudence examines the impact of the law on women’s lives, including legal history, current legal framework, pedagogical techniques, and demographic composition of law schools. It also addresses topics such as race, social class, and disability in the law to make suggestions for revising existing laws and creating new laws with fairer goals in mind. […]
Strict scrutiny is the highest standard used by courts to review laws that potentially interfere with constitutional rights or discriminate against a protected class. The law must be closely tailored to serve a fundamental purpose of government and must be important and appropriate. It is commonly applied in constitutional law cases and cases of discrimination […]
International environmental law involves treaties, statutes, and judicial decisions between multiple nations. It is crucial for global environmental protection, covering areas such as natural resource management, pollution prevention, and human security. Sources include conventions, the UN, and customs. International environmental law refers to treaties, statutes and judicial decisions involving multiple nations. Improving and creating international […]
Commercial real estate law governs real estate and commercial transactions, including construction, leasing, and investment. It differs from residential real estate law in that it lacks many consumer protections. Commercial transactions involve more money and complexity, and parties have a higher level of commercial experience. Construction and leasing are the main areas of focus, but […]
Consumer law protects consumers and provides legal means for compensation for damages caused by defective products. It covers topics such as warranties, quality standards, and consumer privacy. The law ensures that consumers have clearly stated rights and companies are aware of their responsibilities. The advent of consumer law came in the early 20th century due […]
Litigation is the process of resolving a case through a court trial. There are two types: civil and criminal. Civil cases have different areas of practice, such as malpractice or commercial law. Criminal cases determine guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Other types include military and administrative law. The litigation process is the same, with parties […]
A fortiori is a Latin term used in logic, rhetoric, and law to draw inferences from strong, indisputable facts. It establishes that if one thing is true, another must also be true. It can be useful in establishing guilt or innocence when direct evidence is lacking. Examples include the distance from a crime scene and […]
Defamation law protects against false information that damages reputation, with libel per se for openly defamatory written statements and libel by quod for contextually damaging ones. Plaintiffs must prove the elements of defamation and may seek civil penalties and punitive damages. Defamation law offers legal recourse to those who have written and published false information […]
A mortgage is a loan for buying property, subject to regular repayments. Mortgage laws are established by governments to protect consumers and regulate the mortgage agreement process, involving contract, financial, secured transactions, and real estate laws. Mortgage laws set rules on interest rates, penalties, foreclosure, and second mortgages, but still allow room for individual negotiations. […]
The Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution ensures that all individuals have equal access to lawyers and the courts, and are treated equally by the law and justice system. It prohibits states from denying anyone the same protection of the laws, regardless of race, gender, or other differences. This concept […]
Negligence law aims to compensate victims harmed by someone acting without appropriate care. Four elements must be established: duty, breach, harm, and cause. Negligence per se occurs when a law is broken resulting in harm. Defenses include comparative and contributory negligence. Malpractice law is a sphere of civil law that aims to secure compensation for […]
Competition law regulates anti-competitive behavior to promote market competition. The EU and US have influential systems, with three main elements: prohibiting agreements that limit competition, preventing monopolies, and supervising mergers. The US antitrust law and EU competition law are important systems. International organizations have become involved in competition law as the global economy has developed. […]
Provocation is a legal defense used to reduce charges in murder cases, arguing that the victim’s actions provoked the attack. It is not available in all regions and does not excuse the crime. Successful use can result in reduced charges or sentence. Some countries are abolishing this defense. Provocation is a legal term that speaks […]
Telecommunications law regulates communication technologies, including radio, television, phones, and the internet. It varies by country, with some focused on control, market regulation, or open access. Telecommunications lawyers work in government, companies, and law firms, handling regulatory compliance, court battles, and lobbying. Telecommunications companies also have internal legal departments. The law is characterized by its […]
A holder is a person in possession of a negotiable instrument, such as bearer bonds, which can be presented for payment or voting rights. These unregistered instruments can be freely transferred, but must be insured to avoid theft. Non-tradable instruments can reduce risk. A holder is a person who is in possession of a negotiable […]
The Australian Family Law Act of 1975 introduced a “no-fault” clause for divorce, restraining orders for domestic abuse, and clarified custody and property division rules. The US Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) grants leave for workers with a newborn or adopted child or for those caring for a serious medical problem in the family. […]
Megan’s Law requires public access to information about registered sex offenders, particularly those who have targeted children. It is named after Megan Kanka, a girl who was sexually assaulted and killed by a repeat offender. The law is often associated with the Jacob Wetterling Act, which requires every US state to create a registry of […]
“Unclean hands” is a legal concept that affects parties to a dispute, where those who have acted unlawfully may not be entitled to what they would normally get. This occurs most often in civil cases, where fraudulent actions can void the right to damages. The person initiating the case must prove their hands are clean, […]
