Hard law refers to binding and enforceable legal documents, such as international treaties and UN resolutions, while soft law includes non-binding statements and guidelines. International law is established through treaties negotiated and signed by political authorities, with adjudicative bodies ensuring compliance. The European Union has developed both hard and soft law, with some scholars questioning […]
Choosing the right class action law firm is important for winning your case. Look for firms with experience in your category of law, fewer cases on their schedule, and reputable lead prosecutors. Consider the firm’s overall experience and reputation as well. Choosing the best class action law firm can help you have a better chance […]
Nuclear law covers the use, development, and study of nuclear materials for peaceful purposes, including medical treatment and energy generation. It is a complex area of law that regulates safety procedures, liability, and access to radioactive isotopes. International nuclear law focuses on non-proliferation, safety during transport, and making isotopes available for research and medical purposes. […]
Copyright law and fair use practices are closely related, with fair use being an aspect of copyright laws. In the US, fair use is determined by metrics, while in the UK it is defined by the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988. Fair use guidelines include non-profit educational use that does not affect commercial viability. […]
International tax law deals with cross-border tax issues for individuals and entities operating in multiple countries. It requires a broad understanding of different tax structures and aims to minimize taxes while complying with national laws. An international tax lawyer advises clients on tax consequences and structures assets or businesses accordingly. Specialized experience and a law […]
Construction law covers legal issues related to construction, including building codes, contracts, liability, and litigation. It is a civil law area, and attorneys can assist with contract management and dispute resolution. Building codes increase safety and standardize construction practices, while contractors may need bonds or insurance to cover them in case of lawsuits. Government officials […]
Tax law regulates government collection of money from citizens and businesses, outlining who pays taxes and at what rate. It is often referred to as administrative or public law and includes regulations for exemptions and non-payment. The tax collection system must be fair, and rates are influenced by factors such as income and business type. […]
Interpretivism is a legal philosophy associated with Ronald Dworkin that views law as interpreted by lawyers and jurists. It has similarities to natural law theory and legal positivism, but argues that legal practice is justified with reference to external values and interpretation is part of creating and defining law. Interpretivism, sometimes called legal interpretivism to […]
Copyright for an audio recording is different from a musical composition. A composition is words and musical notation, while a recording is a form of performance. To register for copyright, a Performing Arts Copyright Form must be submitted. The distinction is important for payment and reproduction rights. Notable musicians have written music without performing it, […]
Forensic law requires lawyers to attend law school and pass a bar exam. Bar associations exist at regional, national, and international levels, with the power to revoke legal privileges. The International Bar Association facilitates legal information exchange. Bar associations grew in prominence in the 20th century and are now the accepted standard for authenticating lawyers. […]
Causality in law refers to the relationship between an activity and its effect. To prove causation, one must demonstrate that the defendant knew their actions would have a predictable outcome and proceeded anyway. Liability is determined by assessing the circumstances and state of mind of the parties involved. Legal systems have tests in place to […]
Liability law protects against personal injury caused by willful actions or negligence. Tort law has subcategories such as intentional and economic torts. Defamation and misrepresentation can also lead to legal action. Negligence can result from traffic accidents, medical accidents, or product malfunctions. Companies have a responsibility to identify and eliminate safety risks to avoid legal […]
A restatement of the law is a guide to legal rules, principles, and premises written by legal professionals. It collects information on judge-made laws and provides interpretation, but cannot be cited as law. It is useful for finding legal obligations and case citations. A restatement of the law is a collection of legal rules, principles, […]
Law enforcement transcripts come in three types: phone records, police notes, and interrogations. Transcription is usually done by trained police transcriptionists, and is important for accuracy and court records. Confidentiality requires certified professionals, with outsourcing rare. Law enforcement transcripts come in three main types: those created from phone records; those taken from memories and police […]
Balancing actions in law refer to judgments that go beyond the law when it is found to be inadequate. It often arises in real estate disputes and environmental law, where obeying the letter of the law would be unjust. Judges are expected to weigh legal, humanities, environmental, and ethical considerations to build a stronger legal […]
Ecclesiastical law is a set of laws, rules, and regulations that a church codifies to administer its operations. It originated from religious councils in the 1st century BC and developed in England during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Ecclesiastical law regulates the behavior and practices of clergy and high ecclesiastical offices with internal matters of policy […]
A writ is a court-issued document that requires a specific action, prohibits an action, or grants access to something. They originated in English common law and are used in courts following that tradition, including in the United States, India, Australia, and other Commonwealth nations. There are many different types of writs, some specific to certain […]
A moratorium is a temporary suspension of an activity, often used in legal situations where parties have the right to be relieved of obligations. It can be voluntary or involuntary, and may be used for exploratory purposes or to benefit authorities. Examples include foreclosure moratoriums and bankruptcy cases. A moratorium suspends an activity. This term […]
Personal property law governs movable assets, such as cars and jewelry, and intangible assets, such as copyrights and commercial interests. Other laws, such as landlord and tenant laws and inheritance laws, overlap with personal property law. Possession and tenure are important aspects of personal property law, with active and constructive possession being the two types […]
Immigration law governs the process of moving permanently to a country, requiring permission from temporary or permanent residents. Each country has its own visa and passport requirements, as well as its own rules for becoming a citizen or temporary or permanent resident. Immigration law is enforced by a regulatory agency or body, and violations result […]
