Affinity maturation is the process by which B cells respond to exposure to antigens, creating antibodies that tag the antigens for removal. The process involves cloning and cellular variation, with stronger cells binding to antigens and cloning more than weaker cells. This process is important for an enhanced pathogen response in continuous exposure to antigens. […]
Ostwald ripening occurs when larger crystals or droplets form while smaller ones disappear due to differences in molecular energy. It was first defined by W. Ostwald and can be seen in consumer products like ice cream and emulsions. Surfactants can be used to reduce this effect. It can also affect image quality in photographic processing. […]
