Neonatal seizures occur in babies during the first 28 days after birth and are often a sign of neurological dysfunction. They can be caused by various disorders and diseases, including metabolic disorders, infections, and genetic diseases. Antiepileptic drugs are used to treat seizures, and diagnostic tests are conducted to determine the cause. Neonatal seizures are […]
Newborn mortality is caused by premature birth, congenital conditions, infections, malnutrition, and SIDS. Rates vary by country, with developing countries experiencing more malnutrition and disease-related deaths. Organizations like WHO work to reduce preventable deaths. Common causes of newborn mortality include premature birth, congenital conditions, and infection. Exact rates vary by country. In developing countries, problems […]
Neonatal hypoglycemia is low blood sugar in newborns, which can cause a range of symptoms including seizures and brain damage. Causes include premature birth, delayed feeding, and illnesses. Treatment involves correcting blood glucose levels as soon as possible. Neonatal hypoglycemia, or neonatal hypoglycemia, is a medical name for the condition low blood sugar in newborns. […]
Neonatal reflexes are natural instincts present at birth, developing in the womb. They are automatic responses to specific stimuli and most disappear within a year. Absence or variation could indicate abnormal development. Some reflexes, like sucking, are essential for survival. Neonatal reflexes develop while the baby is still in the womb and are present at […]
Neonatal encephalopathy is neurological dysfunction in newborns caused by oxygen deprivation before or during birth. Treatment includes supportive care, medical imaging, and neurological follow-up. Permanent brain damage can occur, leading to various problems. Legal responsibility may be established if medical errors occurred. Neonatal encephalopathy is the presence of clear neurological dysfunction in a newborn. It […]
Neonatal parenteral nutrition provides fluids and nutrients intravenously for infants who cannot eat or maintain adequate nutrition. It can be partial or total, but carries risks such as infection and liver complications. Premature babies are more likely to require it due to immature gastrointestinal tracts. Other medical conditions may also require it. Neonatal parenteral nutrition […]
Newborns are most vulnerable during the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life, with the highest probability of death occurring in the first week. Newborns are thoroughly examined soon after birth, and those with health conditions or born prematurely are usually placed in the neonatal intensive care unit. Hospitals test newborns in the delivery […]
Neonatal sepsis is a blood infection that affects babies three months of age and younger, caused by exposure to bacteria during pregnancy or birth. Symptoms include body temperature fluctuations, decreased heart rate, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves antibiotics and hospitalization, and prompt treatment can prevent complications such as disability and death. Proactive measures during pregnancy […]
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs when a fetus is exposed to drugs in the womb, leading to withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. Symptoms vary depending on the substance used, and treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. Prevention is key, and mothers should stop using substances before or as soon as they find out they […]
Neonatal anemia can be caused by blood loss, destruction of red blood cells, or insufficient production of red blood cells. Symptoms include pale skin, abnormal heart rhythms, and poor nutrition. Treatment depends on the cause and severity, with severe cases requiring blood transfusions. Premature babies can have anemia prevented by limiting blood sampling for laboratory […]
Neonatal infections can be spread from mother to baby during pregnancy or birth, or from exposure to viruses or bacteria in a hospital setting. Common infections include meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, and herpes. Diagnosis involves spinal puncture or blood samples, and treatment includes antibiotics or antiviral drugs. Cesarean section can prevent mother-to-child transmission of herpes. The […]
Neonatal acne is a common form of acne that occurs in newborns, thought to be related to maternal hormones. It usually disappears naturally, but severe cases may require treatment. Infantile acne is a similar condition that occurs in babies over three months old. Neonatal acne, also known as infantile acne or acne infantum, is a […]
Neonatal herpes is a rare but serious condition where the herpes simplex virus is passed from a pregnant woman to her baby during birth. It can cause skin, eye, mouth, central nervous system, and disseminated herpes. Early diagnosis and antiviral drugs can reduce the death rate. Cesarean delivery can help prevent transmission if the mother […]
Neonatal hypothermia is a preventable condition that affects newborns up to 28 days after birth, often causing death in developing countries. Low birth weight, premature birth, and cold environments increase the risk. Adequate warmth and avoiding bathing newborns immediately after birth can prevent hypothermia. Neonatal hypothermia is a preventable condition that affects newborns up to […]
Birth asphyxia is when a baby cannot establish regular breathing after birth due to a lack of oxygen in the womb or during delivery. It is a medical emergency that can cause long-term damage or death. Factors such as the mother’s health during pregnancy, meconium blockage, and placental abruption can contribute to the condition. Symptoms […]
Neonatal pneumonia is a lung disease that can occur in newborns as young as 24 hours old and is a significant cause of death in newborns. Risk factors include maternal fever, preterm labor, and gestational disease. Symptoms include an abnormally high respiratory rate, grunting, and yellow or green airway secretions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are […]
Neonatal nurse practitioners are specially trained to care for critically ill or premature babies in hospitals with neonatal intensive care units. They require a master’s degree and two to three years of study after becoming a registered nurse. They can issue orders and make decisions about care and often work closely with parents. Training programs […]
Neonatal resuscitation involves clearing the baby’s airways, warming them, providing oxygen, intubating, performing CPR, and administering medications. Premature birth or reduced oxygen supply during delivery may require resuscitation. The first stage is clearing the airways, followed by drying and warming the baby. If necessary, oxygen is provided, and if the baby’s heart rate is low, […]
Neonatal doctors specialize in caring for newborns with unique needs. To become one, a person needs a bachelor’s degree, four years of medical school, five years of residency, and a specialized fellowship. They can work in a private practice or a hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal doctors are licensed physicians who specialize in caring […]
Becoming a neonatal surgeon requires a high school diploma, four years of college, four years of medicine, and residency training that can last up to eight years. In addition, aspiring neonatal surgeons must spend an additional two years in pediatric surgery training focused on neonatal care. High school science and math classes can help prepare […]
