Normal tension glaucoma is a type of glaucoma that causes damage to the optic nerve even when the pressure within the eye is normal. The causes are unknown, but theories suggest decreased blood flow or weaknesses in the optic nerve. Risk factors include family history, cardiovascular disease, and Japanese descent. Treatment involves keeping intraocular pressure […]
A pulse oximeter measures oxygen saturation in the blood by sending light through a finger or earlobe. A reading between 96-100% is normal, while below 96% indicates hypoxia. However, the device may not be accurate in certain situations, and physical signs of hypoxia should also be evaluated. Normal oxygen saturation can be determined using a […]
Androgen levels vary with age, gender, and other factors. Testosterone levels in adult males can range from 270-1,080 ng/dL, while females typically have 70 ng/dL or less. Abnormal levels can cause health problems and affect development. Low androgen levels can cause reduced muscle mass, sexual dysfunction, and other issues. Normal androgen levels in a human […]
A regular diet includes all necessary nutrients from the five food groups and is important for proper bodily function. Plant-based substitutes can be used for those who do not eat animal products. Many health organizations promote healthy eating plans that follow the principles of a regular diet. A regular diet is one that gives a […]
Home pregnancy tests check for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels in urine, which vary widely in early pregnancy. Levels should double every 48-72 hours, indicating viability. Blood tests are more accurate than urine tests. Decreased or fast-rising levels may indicate a miscarriage or molar pregnancy, respectively. Slow-rising levels may indicate an ectopic pregnancy. Most home […]
Many women are unsure about what is considered normal menstrual flow due to lack of education and discussion. The NIH provides information on what is normal, including length, frequency, and amount of bleeding. Variation is common, but abnormal timing or excessive bleeding should be discussed with a doctor. Most women lose 2 to 7 teaspoons […]
Monitoring blood sugar levels is important for detecting glucose conversion issues and health risks. Normal levels are between 100-120 mg/dL for non-diabetics and slightly higher for diabetics. Diabetics should aim for lower readings to delay health problems. Diet and exercise can help manage glucose levels. All people experience rises and falls in the amount of […]
Progesterone levels vary depending on gender and pregnancy status. Abnormal levels can indicate medical problems, and progesterone plays a role in the development of sex hormones. During pregnancy, levels rise steadily, and abnormal levels can cause problems with fetal development and pregnancy. Normal progesterone levels vary depending on a person’s gender and whether they are […]
Leg cramps are common during pregnancy, especially at night. They can be prevented by taking calcium supplements, eating potassium-rich foods, staying hydrated, and exercising. If there is swelling or pain to the touch, seek medical attention. It is common to have leg cramps during pregnancy. Most women will experience calf leg cramps at some point […]
The normal fetal heart rate varies during pregnancy, but a range of 120-180 bpm is considered normal. Abnormalities could indicate fetal distress or abnormal development, and a low heart rate in early pregnancy may signal a possible miscarriage. Fetal monitoring is usually done externally, but internal monitoring may be necessary in some cases. The normal […]
Pediatricians monitor vital signs to detect abnormalities in children’s health. Normal vital signs change as children age, with blood pressure, breathing rates, and heart rates varying depending on the child’s age. Other vital signs, such as height, weight, and body temperature, are also important indicators of a child’s health. Pediatricians routinely measure their patients’ vital […]
Heart rate varies by age, gender, and fitness level. Normal resting heart rate for adults is 60-100 bpm, while fetal heart rate is 120-160 bpm. Children’s heart rate ranges from 100-160 bpm in the first year, and 60-140 bpm at age 10-14. Athletes may have lower heart rates. Gender also affects heart rate, with new […]
A normal uterus should be smooth, elastic, and have a hollow center surrounded by muscle tissue. Abnormalities can include growths, deformities, and hormonal issues, which may require treatment depending on the cause. Ultrasound is commonly used to examine the uterus and ovaries. A normal uterus is one that appears to be the correct size with […]
The normal force keeps solid objects apart due to the electromagnetic forces of atoms repelling each other. It is perpendicular to the surface causing it and is important in calculating friction between solid objects. It cancels out the gravitational force on level ground but not on a hill. When two objects collide, momentum is responsible […]
The timing and amount of bleeding during the first period after a miscarriage can vary among women, but typically occurs within seven weeks. Spotting or heavy bleeding that lasts for an extended period may require medical attention. Cramps are common but extreme pain may indicate a problem. A normal first period after a miscarriage usually […]
Restaurant ovens are larger and more durable than residential ones, designed to handle heavy use and cook multiple meals at once. They have additional features like quick heating, energy efficiency, and steam absorbers, and may vary in size and design based on the restaurant’s needs. The main difference between a restaurant oven and a residential […]
Alzheimer’s brains have a significant reduction in neurons and decreased production of cells that transmit information, leading to impaired cognitive abilities. The disease also damages the cortex and can cause inflammation and mini-strokes, leading to confusion and paranoia. The brain of an Alzheimer’s differs from that of a healthy brain with a significant reduction in […]
Cholesterol is the main factor in heart and cardiovascular disease. A blood test is needed to check cholesterol levels, including HDL, LDL, and VLDL. A healthy diet is important in maintaining normal cholesterol levels, with saturated and trans fats raising total and LDL cholesterol, while polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats help lower total cholesterol and raise […]
Blood pressure is the measurement of pressure created when the heart pumps blood through the body. Normal blood pressure is around 120/80, and hypertension or hypotension can be dangerous. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer, and a deviation from normal suggests a medical problem. Lifestyle changes can help fix abnormal readings. Blood pressure is […]
Glucose tolerance tests are used to diagnose diabetes. A random blood glucose test should show levels below 200 mg/dL, while fasting plasma tests should have results of 60 to 99 mg/dL. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results vary based on the type of diabetes being screened for. Pregnant women undergo an OGTT to screen […]
- 1
- 2
