Doctor-patient privilege means doctors can refuse to testify against their patients in court, but there are exceptions, such as when a patient confesses a desire to harm themselves or others. Mandatory reporting of certain diseases and injuries, such as gunshots, can also nullify the privilege. Some argue for complete confidentiality, while others argue doctors have […]
Executive privilege is a concept used by the US President to avoid disclosing information that could compromise the executive branch. It is not constitutionally based, but justified by the separation of powers clause. The term was coined by President Eisenhower, and it is also used to protect key members of the administration. It has been […]
Privilege escalation is when one user gains access to another user’s privileges, creating a vulnerability for hackers. There are three levels: deescalation, horizontal, and vertical. Vertical escalation allows administrative access, while horizontal allows access controls under a different user’s account. Deescalation can be a security measure. Troubleshooting and reporting problems can help identify and correct […]
A lien waiver is a legal document that waives the right to dispose of a lien over another party’s assets. It is used by mechanics and contractors to release customers from claims to their property after paying bills. Without a waiver, contractors may place a lien on the customer’s property if they fail to pay. […]
A lien waiver is necessary in construction projects to ensure payment to suppliers and subcontractors. Homeowners should request a final lien waiver to avoid liens on their property if the contractor fails to pay. It is important to only sign the waiver after payment has been authorized, and to keep a copy of the document. […]
A lien is a creditor’s security interest on a debtor’s property to secure a debt. A waiver and release of lien is signed upon payment, and can be conditional or unconditional. Different types of waivers may be based on the portion of payments made. A lien is security interest that is levied by a creditor […]
Marital privilege protects the privacy of spouses and prevents coerced testimony. It can be granted through law or precedent. Spouses can refuse to testify about private communications, but exceptions exist for child custody and crimes against a partner. Divorce may affect spousal privilege, and same-sex partners may face discrimination in some legal systems. Marital privilege […]
Statutory liens are legal claims on property that allow creditors to collect a debt without a court order or property owner’s consent. They vary by region and can be automatic, such as tax liens, or created by certain transactions, such as mechanics’ liens. Liens can only be revoked by settling the debt and can negatively […]
Attorney-client privilege establishes confidentiality between a lawyer and client, extending to all legal team members. Communications are covered, including after representation ends. The client can waive privacy, but the attorney cannot. Violations can result in legal action. Exceptions include intent to commit a crime or fraud. The relationship between a lawyer and his client is […]
A judgment lien is a restriction on property ownership due to a court ruling that a defendant owes a plaintiff money. The court may seize assets, garnish wages, or place a lien on property. The lien limits the defendant’s right to sell, and the proceeds must be used to satisfy the judgment. The lien is […]
A mechanic’s lien is a legal process that secures payment for contracted services rendered on a property. It extends to both the structure and the underlying ground, and until the debt is paid, the landowner has no clear title. Originally used by real mechanics, it eventually found its way into the construction world, where it […]
Equitable lien is a legal remedy to prevent unjust enrichment by pledging the offender’s property. The plaintiff must obtain a court order, prove a tort, and can choose an alternative remedy called a constructive trust. Buyers are subject to the lien if they have prior knowledge, but bona fide buyers are not. The lien can […]
White privilege is an advantage given to Caucasians due to their race, which has been present in the United States since colonial times. It is still prevalent in modern society, with studies showing white-preferred hiring and housing practices. Some argue that public education perpetuates the system, while others believe it is not a significant issue. […]
Qualified privilege allows individuals to make potentially defamatory statements in certain situations, such as when communicating with someone who shares a legal interest. The statement must be made in good faith and not maliciously. It can be used as a defense in a libel suit if made responsibly and in connection with professional duties. However, […]
Marital privilege is a legal right that protects spouses from testifying about private communications in civil cases and criminal cases. It ensures that conversations that occur privately in a marriage cannot be used as evidence in a trial. There are exceptions to this right, and it only applies to legally recognized marriages. Martial privilege is […]
Legal privileges, such as attorney-client, marital confidences, therapist-patient, and the privilege against self-incrimination, protect confidential information in the United States and other common law countries. The attorney-client privilege dates back to the 1500s and applies to statements made for legal advice. Marital confidences protect spouses from testifying against each other, while the clergy privilege protects […]
A lien auction is a sale of assets to recover overdue debts, including property taxes, income taxes, and utility bills. Liens prevent the transfer or sale of property until the debt is resolved, and assets may be sold at a lien auction to recover the debt. There are two types of title deed auctions, and […]
