Thermal probes detect temperature levels in an area, often used to detect hot spots in computer circuitry. They are placed on or around the heat sink within the CPU, and get more accurate readings when in direct contact with hardware. Regular monitoring can avoid repairs, and some probes have built-in monitoring software with alarms. Small […]
Flying probe testing is a PCB and PCA test that uses a probe on a mechanical arm to test all parts and ensure they are present and functional. It is more versatile than the bed of nails test and can be programmed easily. It is used primarily in manufacturing plants and can verify correct production […]
An RF probe is a useful tool for measuring RF signals in different parts of a circuit. It can be used to test oscillators, receivers, and transmitters. RF detectors can be used to measure the peak level of an RF signal and reproduce the original message. Different types of RF probes are used in electronic […]
A periodontal probe is a tool used to diagnose gum disease by measuring the depth of pockets between teeth and gums. Dental hygienists often use them, and they come in different styles and must be sterilized between patients. A periodontal probe is a tool used to aid in the diagnosis of periodontal disease or gum […]
Deep space probes are one-way drones that gather scientific information and transmit it to Earth. They carry scientific instruments, use solar panels and radioisotope thermal generators for power, and have a tough coating for protection. Batteries with large storage capacity are also used. A deep space probe is a space drone that makes a one-way […]
Scanning probe microscopes produce high-detail 3D surface images and can measure physical properties of materials. The first, the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), was invented in the 1980s. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used on all materials and has variations such as lateral force microscopy (LFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). Other techniques include […]
The Huygens spacecraft, part of the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, landed on the surface of Titan, a moon of Saturn, in 2005. It transmitted data back to Earth, revealing the surface of Titan and confirming the existence of hydrocarbon lakes. The mission was a joint effort between NASA and European and Italian space agencies, costing […]
Accident investigations aim to determine the cause and contributing factors of an accident, often for legal purposes. Government agencies conduct investigations to prevent future accidents. Investigators with engineering backgrounds and experience reconstructing accidents write reports and testify in legal proceedings. Federal agencies like the NTSB and FAA investigate public transportation accidents and publish reports and […]
The atomic probe microscope is used in materials science to view and analyze atomic-sized objects, using time-in-flight spectroscopy and field ion microscopy techniques. Atomic probe tomography generates 3D images and was developed in 1967 by Erwin Wilhelm Muller. Commercialization of the laser-pulsed atom probe occurred in 2005. The atomic probe is a microscope with resolution […]
Homicide investigations aim to find evidence of the perpetrator, motive, and circumstances of the crime. Intention alone is not enough for a conviction. The investigation team must secure the crime scene, document evidence, identify the victim, determine the cause of death, and question witnesses and suspects. The autopsy provides valuable information. Investigators must write a […]
A grand jury determines whether to issue an indictment based on probable cause or sufficient evidence. The jury consists of citizens and meets for a longer period than trial juries. The process is secretive to ensure honest testimony. Once evidence is presented, the jury deliberates and votes on issuing an indictment. The grand jury originated […]
Civil investigations gather information and supporting materials for a civil legal matter. Lawyers and individuals can conduct investigations to gather evidence and prepare for court. Private investigators and government agencies also conduct investigations. Investigations can be costly but are critical to the outcome of a case. Private investigators often have staff and community connections to […]
A pulse oximeter is a portable device that measures the amount of oxygen in red blood cells. It consists of a probe that attaches to the patient’s finger, toe, nose, or earlobe, and a computer unit that displays the reading. Accurate readings require proper placement of the probe, and it cannot distinguish between oxygen-bound and […]
An ultrasound probe emits waves into the body and transmits data to a computer to produce an internal image. The probe is usually placed on the body with gel, and different probes are used for different areas. Ultrasounds can diagnose various conditions and are relatively safe. An ultrasound probe, also known as a transducer, is […]
