The Fischer-Tropsch process converts syngas, made from coal, natural gas, or biomass, into liquid hydrocarbons and lubricants using a catalyst. It has been used successfully in plants, but high production costs and a large capital investment limit its widespread adoption. South African Coal and Oil has been producing liquid fuels from coal using the process […]
Carpet weaving can be done by hand or machine. Hand weaving is labor-intensive and can take years, while machine weaving uses ready-made materials. The process begins with shearing wool and carding it into yarn. The yarn is woven into a loom, with warp and weft threads creating the backing for the pile. The pile is […]
Chroming plastics is possible through metallization or chemical plating, both requiring thorough preparation and electroplating with nickel and chromium. Metallization involves spraying a conductive layer of silver or aluminum paint, with silver being more expensive. Chrome-plated plastic offers advanced protection and is useful in industries such as automotive and toy manufacturing. Chroming plastics is a […]
A process flowchart uses symbols and text to show the steps needed to complete a process, with ovals indicating the start and end points, rectangles indicating actions, and diamonds indicating decisions. It is useful for visualizing and improving procedures and making decisions. A process flowchart is a diagram that uses text and symbols to show […]
The thin film process uses liquid or gaseous chemicals, evaporation methods, or the sputtering process to create thin films. Chemical vapor deposition, evaporation, and sputtering are explained in detail. Thin films have many uses and are commonly made of metals and alloys on substrates such as plastics, glass, and ceramics. The thin film process can […]
LLC registration involves knowing state requirements, filling out forms, and paying a processing fee. An operating agreement may be required and can help resolve differences. Some states require publication of registration. Online resources are available for assistance. An LLC (limited liability company) is a business entity created under the LLC law of the state in […]
Inventory processes track the movement of products through a business. There are different types of inventory, and companies must choose a process that suits their products. Periodic and perpetual inventory systems are common, and businesses must consider the amount of work required to manage inventory. An inventory process represents the specific steps or procedures that […]
Process control in manufacturing ensures cost-effective production and efficient use of resources, improving product quality and increasing sales. Statistical process control helps manufacturers make better products and adapt to changes in the global marketplace. Japanese factories first used this type of quality control, and now many industries look to the International Organization for Standardization for […]
NGOs are non-profit organizations formed as corporations under the laws of their home jurisdiction. The registration process involves filing articles of incorporation and registering in all foreign jurisdictions where they plan to operate. Non-profit organizations benefit from tax-exempt status and must also register overseas. A non-governmental organization (NGO), also called a not-for-profit or non-profit organization, […]
Chemical process control automates chemical operations safely. It has five main categories and three control options, and can be continuous or discrete. The primary tasks are heating, evaporation, distillation, drying, and reaction. Feedback, feed-forward, and computer controls are used. Engineers use data to improve processes. Chemical process control safely automates a process, or set of […]
Understanding, communicating, and continuous updates are key to improving business processes. Building process maps, encouraging communication, and using technology can help. It’s important to understand the problem and not just fix symptoms, and to continue innovating even after the problem is resolved. Improving business processes depends on understanding, communicating, and continuous updates and innovation. A […]
Business process diagrams visually depict processes to improve them. Format, scope, and level of detail must be established before creation. Diagrams can be created using various techniques and teams. Standardized notation systems can facilitate communication. Several drafts and revisions ensure completeness. A business process diagram visually depicts business processes in a step-by-step manner, with the […]
The Burton process uses thermal cracking to break down crude oil into simpler molecules, producing gasoline and other fuels. It was patented in 1913 and doubled gasoline production. It has since been replaced by catalytic cracking, but is still used for producing fuel oils. The Burton process is a thermal cracking method that involves breaking […]
Process control is crucial for manufacturers to maintain quality and reduce errors in production. It helps identify potential problems early in the manufacturing process, avoiding costly mistakes and maintaining customer loyalty. Lack of process control can negatively affect a company’s image and fortunes. Process control refers to how manufacturers, businesses, and manufacturers maintain tight control […]
Organizational design involves aligning key elements to achieve company goals, including analyzing the situation, planning strategy, directing operations, and implementing changes. It starts with determining objectives and creating a plan, followed by operational design and developing an effective business structure. Communication with the workforce is crucial during implementation, and changes should not be made too […]
Galvanizing uses electric current to bond metals like zinc, chromium, or gold to a piece. It provides rust protection and improves appearance. Zinc plating is cheaper but hot-dip galvanizing is better for corrosion. The process involves cleaning, electrolytic bath, and multiple anodes. The final product may require polishing. Galvanizing is one of several plating processes […]
The Bessemer process is a steelmaking method where air is injected into molten steel to remove impurities. It was developed by Sir Henry Bessemer in the 1850s and revolutionized steel production. The process involves using a Bessemer converter to smelt iron and blow air through it, resulting in high-quality steel with few impurities. This technique […]
Silver plating involves coating a metal with a thin layer of silver for decorative or utilitarian purposes. The earliest method involved melting silver and copper, while modern methods use electrodeposition. Silver plating is used to make decorative pieces and improve conductivity in electronics. The process was discovered in the 1740s and has evolved to produce […]
Process mining extracts and analyzes business processes from event logs to discover new processes, compare existing ones, and improve them. There are three types: discovery, compliance, and extension. However, hidden tasks and duplicate tasks in event logs can create issues. Process mining is a technique in which business processes are extracted from information system event […]
The Miller process is a gold refining technique that uses chlorine gas to separate impurities, producing gold with a purity of 99.95%. It is faster and less expensive than other methods, making it popular in some refineries. Environmental controls are important, and markets have strict regulations on gold content and weight. The Miller process is […]
