There are five general types of serial protocols, each dependent on the number of hosts and receivers. The most common is RS-232, while RS-422 and RS-485 support additional systems. Microwire and SPI are master and slave types of serial protocols developed by National Semiconductor and Motorola, respectively. Serial communication interfaces can vary in many different […]
Modem error correction protocols detect and correct data transmission errors using hardware and software-based methods. Checksums are calculated before each data packet is sent, and receiving modems compare them to detect errors. The Microcom Networking Protocol (MNP) and V.42 are widely used hardware-based protocols, while XMODEM and its successors, including ZMODEM, are software-based. Using both […]
Network security protocols, such as encryption, protect data and communications during transit. They are necessary for secure e-commerce and to prevent interception, modification, and hijacking of communications. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) and Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) are commonly used to secure file transfers and email communications. SSL/TLS is also used for HTTPS […]
