Appraisal rights allow minority shareholders to disagree with major actions, such as a merger, and request the company to buy back their shares at a rate determined by an outside evaluator. This right is granted by law to protect minority shareholders’ rights. Appraisal rights are rights available to minority shareholders who disagree with a major […]
Marital rights refer to the rights of a husband and wife, including the husband’s right to have sex with his wife and act as head of the household. Marriage has historically been a business arrangement with negotiated rights. Men are entitled to sex and control over family affairs, but marital rape is now widely condemned. […]
The Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) is a US law that provides taxpayers with legal protections when dealing with the IRS, including assistance from a taxpayer advocate, the right to temporarily stop an audit, and notice of any attempt to modify an installment agreement. TABOR also establishes the position of a taxpayer advocate who can […]
Property rights vary globally, with real estate referring to land and its ownership, title, and rights. Personal property includes tangible items, while intellectual property refers to ideas and creative works. Public property is accessible to the public. Not all cultures grant equal property rights, and privacy rights differ across jurisdictions. Most judicial systems around the […]
“Moral rights” refer to inherent rights held by all humans or reserved for creators of art in copyright law. These rights may not be universally enforced and include the right to attribution and the right to protect the integrity of the work. The term “moral rights” is used in two different ways in law. The […]
Civil rights are granted by the government to prevent discrimination based on specific attributes like gender or age, while civil liberties are fundamental rights granted to all citizens by a country’s constitution, such as freedom of speech or religion. Civil rights are fought for by groups seeking equal treatment, while civil liberties refer to the […]
Voluntary termination of parental rights occurs when parents are unable to care for their child and can be part of an adoption plan or state care. Governments can establish controls to prevent exploitation. Parents sign forms to give up their child for adoption or allow a stepparent to adopt. In some cases, parents may be […]
A reservation of rights allows an insurance company to defend a policy claim on an interim basis, but with a stipulation that the defense is not an acceptance of the case if it is not covered. The letter specifies that the insurer is only responsible for defending claims directly related to the policy. It is […]
Custody rights are determined by courts during divorce proceedings, with one parent typically receiving primary custody and the other parent being assigned visitation rights and potentially paying child support. Mediation can be used to reach a settlement, and as children grow older, their opinions may be taken into account. In cases where a parent is […]
Exclusive rights in copyright law are reserved for the copyright holder, who can grant them through a license. There are six exclusive rights, including reproduction, derivative works, public performance, display, broadcast, and distribution. These rights are not unlimited and are subject to change. Fair use allows for limited reproduction, and parody is allowed for derivative […]
Private rights are rights enjoyed by private citizens, including the right to privacy and protection from invasion, fraud, and defamation. The right to action allows citizens to take legal action if their rights are violated. Private rights can conflict with public rights, such as in law enforcement or surveillance situations. In the broadest sense, private […]
Inalienable rights are rights that cannot be taken away from a person and are often associated with natural rights. Many countries have constitutions that outline these rights, such as “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” In the US, these rights were influenced by John Locke’s views on natural rights, but Thomas Jefferson chose to […]
Conjugal rights refer to the privileges and affections enjoyed between two people in marriage, including cohabitation and common property rights. Violation of these rights may lead to civil suits. Some prisons allow conjugal visits to promote healthy relationships between spouses, but not all prisons recognize conjugal rights. Same-sex partners traditionally have not been afforded many […]
Fetal rights refer to the rights of an unborn child, with debates centering around when a fetus becomes a human being with rights. The issue is often linked to abortion, but also arises in cases of harm to a pregnant woman or unborn child. Some believe a fetus has rights from conception, while others argue […]
Franchise fees are paid by franchisees to the parent company for the right to use their branding and materials. These fees can be flat or a percentage of sales, and are reinvested in the parent company. Franchisees must also file returns and annual reports to ensure financial accuracy. Franchise fees are the fees that franchisees […]
Minority shareholder rights are the legal and moral rights of private shareholders, and involve recognition of their stake in the company. Majority shareholders must act in the best interest of the company, and minority shareholders have the right to inspect relevant company documentation. These principles apply to both private and publicly traded companies, but may […]
Countervailing duties are trade rights used to offset the effects of subsidies. The WTO allows importing countries to use them to protect domestic producers from harm caused by subsidized exports. These duties are part of the legal infrastructure of the WTO and are in accordance with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. They help […]
Under US copyright law, creative works are automatically protected and the creator retains all legal rights unless they grant them to others. Including “all rights reserved” serves as a reminder of ownership and warns against unauthorized use. The copyright holder has the right to reproduce, license, and create derivative works, but may grant specific rights […]
Preemptive rights allow investors to purchase additional shares of a stock they already own before they are offered to the public. The function of these rights varies by country, and they can be beneficial to both investors and corporations. The term has also been historically used in relation to property acquisition and a nation’s right […]
Air rights are the rights to develop the empty space above a physically owned site, which can be transferred to other parties. Zoning laws limit development, while regulatory agencies monitor airspace for aircraft safety. Air rights are not unlimited and must comply with building codes and safety regulations. Air rights are rights to develop empty […]
