RNA isolation is the process of extracting RNA from living cells for scientific experiments. It can be done in any type of cell and requires careful handling to avoid damage. Once isolated, RNA is used for various experiments, including studying diseases and cellular functions. The process has become easier over time, and kits are available […]
RNA gel electrophoresis separates RNA molecules by size and charge using a gelatinous sheet. RNA must be purified and denatured before being added to the gel. Separating fragments by size can be useful for comparing samples. In biochemistry, RNA gel electrophoresis is a common method used to analyze the biological molecule called ribonucleic acid (RNA). […]
RNA is a nucleic acid found in all life forms, with important functions such as regulating gene expression and assisting in copying genes. It has a backbone of phosphate and ribose groups with four bases attached. RNA plays a role in protein synthesis, duplication of genetic material, gene expression, and gene regulation. It comes in […]
Total RNA isolation is a lab technique that extracts all cellular RNA from a tissue sample, producing more pure and usable information. Techniques involve a variety of chemicals, and labs select a specific protocol for consistency. Researchers can conduct their own isolation or outsource it, and should discuss the method used in scientific articles. Total […]
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that transcribes DNA into RNA, creating different types of RNA such as rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA. It corrects errors and is vulnerable to toxins. Without it, genetic information cannot be copied and encoded correctly. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains all the genetic information that every living thing needs to grow and […]
RNA isolation kits can isolate high-quality RNA from various tissue and organism types. Specialized kits are available for small RNA strands. Cell degradation is critical for RNA isolation. Common kits work with all tissue and cell types and take about 20 minutes. Sample volume needed varies between kits. Comparison tables are available online. Most ribonucleic […]
RNA analysis involves techniques used to collect data on RNA sequences, which can reveal information about protein structures, mutations, and functional traits. Sequence analysis determines the order of nucleotides in RNA chains, while structural analysis determines the secondary structure of RNA chains. RNA can have various functions, including coding for proteins and serving limited functions […]
RNA can be quantified through spectrophotometry or fluorescent dyes. Spectrophotometry measures the absorption of ultraviolet light, while fluorescent dyes bind to RNA and produce measurable brightness. Both methods can be affected by contaminants, but adding a DNA-destroying enzyme can ensure a clean RNA sample for accurate results. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) quantification is a means of […]
RNA concentration is measured to analyze genetic material for diagnostic, research, and forensic purposes. Technicians extract RNA from a sample, process it to limit contamination, and measure it using a spectrophotometer or dye. Low RNA concentration can lead to errors, requiring a new sample or purification. The concentration of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a measure […]
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the ribosome, which translates mRNA into proteins. It can be found in free-floating ribosomes or in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. rRNA is made up of a large and small subunit that work together to attract transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carrying amino acids. The peptidyl transferase, which joins amino acids, is a […]
Ribosomal RNA sequencing determines the sequence content of ribosomes, which build proteins in cells. The process involves duplicating and identifying small fragments of RNA. This data can aid in bacterial identification and drug design by targeting unique subsequences in bacterial ribosomal RNA. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing is the process of determining the sequence content […]
RNA is a molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and gene regulation. It is similar to DNA but has important structural and functional differences. RNA is single-stranded and contains a different sugar and base pair than DNA. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. They […]
RNA sequencing determines the nucleotide sequence in RNA, which contains genetic information used to make proteins or perform specific functions. Scientists sequence DNA more often, but RNA sequencing is important to discover the precise genetic code and examine unused segments of genetic information. Reverse transcription is often necessary, but researchers aim to develop direct sequencing […]
RNA extraction isolates RNA strands for genetic research, allowing scientists to study the pathway from DNA to protein production and cellular function. Different tissue and cell types require different RNA extraction methods, and RNA degradation is a common complication that can render a sample useless. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction is a commonly used laboratory process […]
RNA hybridization combines RNA or DNA strands to improve biology. The process is used to create messenger RNA, study retroviruses, and visualize macromolecules in tissues. RNA hybrids are important for cell signaling and can be used to fight disease. The process was first discovered in 1960. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is usually found in a single […]
RNA tests include HIV RNA tests, hepatitis C tests, and genetic tests. HIV RNA tests detect virus RNA using PCR, while hepatitis C RNA tests are qualitative or quantitative. Genetic testing examines RNA in genes to detect diseases. RNA types include mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. The different types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) tests are human […]
