The Outer Space Treaty, developed in 1967 by the US and the Soviet Union, aims to ensure peaceful use of space and prohibits claiming celestial bodies as national territory. It forms the basis of space law and bans the use of weapons of mass destruction in space. Astronauts cannot claim land for their home nations, […]
Confined space training is necessary for workers in industries such as construction, manufacturing, and municipal work. There are two types of training: entry and rescue. Companies can purchase training materials or hire trainers to conduct on-site training. OSHA sets certification guidelines for working in confined spaces. Companies whose employees work in confined spaces often provide […]
Space tourism aims to create an affordable and safe commercial enterprise, with companies developing reusable spacecraft. While it is already possible for millionaires to travel to space, companies seek to broaden the audience and offer extravagant vacation options. Several companies are working with NASA to develop safe and reusable spacecraft, but they need to secure […]
Space Mountain is an indoor roller coaster with versions at five Disney parks. It was the world’s first indoor coaster and is designed to simulate space flight. Each version has unique qualities, but all feature a fully immersive environment with projected images and sound effects. Recent experiments have included temporary overlay projections. The ride appears […]
Russia plans to offer a luxurious orbital suite at the International Space Station for super-wealthy space tourists, including a private cabin with large windows, exercise equipment, and Wi-Fi. The cost will be $40-60 million, and the module will provide 92 cubic feet of pressurized space and comfortably sleep four. Russia pioneered space tourism in 2001. […]
The three types of proposed space colonies are colonies on satellites or asteroids, colonies on other planets, and entirely man-made space colonies. Science fiction writers have explored these possibilities for years, and research into space colonies experienced a resurgence in the 1960s and 1970s. Prominent designs include the Bernal sphere, the Stanford torus, and the […]
The safety of the US space program is difficult to determine, with fatalities occurring both in space and on the ground. Including accidents, the fatality rate is about 5%, rising to just over 6% when including the Apollo One disaster. The shuttle program has seen the most deaths, with 14 occurring from the Challenger and […]
The Space Pier is a new space launch concept, consisting of a 100km high and 300km long structure that uses an electromagnetic mass driver to launch payloads into space. It is a compromise between other post-rocket space technology propositions, such as an orbital space elevator/skyhook and an earth-based mass driver. The Space Pier would be […]
A space suit protects astronauts from radiation, extreme temperatures and flying debris. It supplies air and water and can function as a mini spacecraft. The suit is made of specialized fabrics and includes a backpack for oxygen and a SAFER for emergency returns. Specially designed clothing with cooling tubes is worn underneath. A space suit […]
A space fountain is a megastructure that uses a stream of projectiles to hold a structure aloft, with the means of suspension being the same as a Frisbee being dammed by water. It would need to be enclosed in a vacuum and use magnetic levitation. It holds more promise than a space elevator as its […]
A space planner assesses a company’s space needs and finds the best settings to improve workflow. They need industry experience and education, including computer-aided design skills, math skills, and communication skills. They read blueprints and schematics to determine space availability and compile a report with cost estimates and mockups for proposed changes. A space planner […]
The earth sciences include geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. Astronomy studies things outside Earth’s atmosphere and affects life on Earth in various ways, including planetary temperature and ocean tides. The relationship between space and earth sciences is fundamental for the support of animals and vegetation, as the Sun’s energy is necessary for life. The moon […]
A space elevator would use a stable platform to launch a satellite into a geostationary orbit above it. The satellite would drop a cable to the ground, which would be used by specially designed vehicles to shuttle between earth and space. The elevator would bypass the inefficiencies of traditional space travel and reduce costs to […]
Lockheed Martin’s Constellation Orion will replace the space shuttle for space travel. It resembles the Apollo spacecraft and will have a four-man crew focused on research. Orion will be parachuted back to Earth and have a single engine service module. The launch will be timed for a lunar landing, with the initial mission being a […]
Asteroids contain rich mineral resources, such as iron and nickel, with asteroid 16 Psyche containing enough ore to meet world production needs for millions of years. However, the high cost of space launches makes recovery prohibitively expensive. To make asteroid mining economically feasible, self-replicating robotics and in situ resource utilization would be necessary. Near-Earth asteroids […]
Maximize your cubicle space with vertical storage, desk organizers, functional furniture, and personal touches like plants and photos. Proper storage is key, and furniture should be the right size and ergonomically correct. Personal touches can make your space more comfortable and productive. Many office environments use some type of cubicle system, which allows them to […]
Space temperature varies due to its composition. The temperature in deep space is 2.725 Kelvin, while closer to Earth it is around 35-40 Kelvin. Measuring space temperature is complicated, as particles have low density, and heat transfer is minimal. Planck’s law is used to determine temperature by analyzing radiation emitted from space. The Milky Way […]
The International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth at an altitude of about 220 miles, but this distance can change due to atmospheric drag, solar activity, and space junk. LEO is preferred for manned space stations, but objects in this region must have their orbits adjusted from time to time. At an altitude of 220 […]
Confined spaces are workplaces with limited entry and exit, often with poor ventilation and increased risk. Common types include pipes, tanks, and manholes. Safety guidelines require risk assessment, training, and emergency plans. Workers must be well-trained and equipped with safety gear. Signs must be posted to warn of hazards. A confined space is a workplace […]
Space velocity is the ratio of the volumetric flow rate of reactants entering to the reactor volume. It can be expressed as SV=υ0/V. Different industries have their own definitions for standard temperature and pressure. Weighted hourly space velocity (WHSV) is based on mass instead of volume. Calculations are simple when the reactor volume and reactant […]
