Spectrum disorder is a term used in psychiatry to divide brain disorders into subtypes based on how the disability affects the patient. Autism is a common reference to spectrum disorder, which is further divided into Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder. Children with spectrum disorders lack normal social skills and often have difficulty interacting with […]
Autism is a spectrum disorder with a wide range of symptoms and causes. The three basic classes of autistic disabilities are communication impairment, impaired social functioning, and lack of imaginative thinking. People on the high end of the spectrum may be successful in specialized fields. The study of autism is incomplete, and there is much […]
Spectrum efficiency is the optimized use of bandwidth or spectrum for maximum data throughput with minimal transmission errors. It has three components: economic, technical, and functional. Measuring spectrum efficiency involves all three dimensions to determine optimal utilization, incorporating both technical measurements and end-user feedback. Frequency spectrum is a limited resource and therefore must be used […]
The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a clinical psychology test that measures autistic traits. It consists of 50 statements that assess behaviors affected by autism, and scoring is based on agreement or disagreement with these statements. While not a diagnostic tool, it can be used as a screening device, and those with autism tend to […]
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a group of disorders caused by alcohol exposure in utero, leading to permanent birth defects and developmental disorders. There is no cure, and diagnosis can only be made after birth. Treatment is nonspecific and varies depending on the severity of symptoms. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the clinical […]
Spread spectrum is a method of transmitting a signal by intentionally varying the frequency. It provides wider bandwidth, avoids interference, and increases security. Two common techniques are frequency hopping and direct-sequence spread spectrum. It is used in various communication fields, including wireless technologies. The term spread spectrum refers to a method of transmitting a signal […]
The ultraviolet spectrum is made up of wavelengths shorter than visible light and is invisible to humans. It is divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC rays, with UVC being the most dangerous. UV rays can have both harmful and beneficial effects on human health, with some people using protective products while others intentionally expose themselves […]
A continuous spectrum contains energy at all wavelengths, while a discrete spectrum only exists at certain wavelengths. Spectra are used to gather information about objects and materials. Emissions measurements can be represented with colors or graphs, and light or dark lines can indicate the presence or absence of radiation. The spectrum of a star passing […]
UV light is a range of wavelengths just above visible light. It has subcategories including near, medium, far, blank, and extreme. It is emitted by the sun and can cause sunburn and skin cancer, but is also important for vitamin D production. When people refer to ultraviolet (UV) light, they usually mean the UV spectrum. […]
The visible light spectrum ranges from 700 to 400 nanometers, with infrared at the lower end and ultraviolet at the higher end. Each color represents a different wavelength, with white light being a combination of all. Reflection of certain wavelengths creates colors, while black is the absence of visible light. Infrared and ultraviolet light can’t […]
Emission spectroscopy analyzes the unique electromagnetic radiation emitted by each element to identify chemicals. There are two types of spectra: continuous and line. A continuous spectrum is determined by an object’s temperature, while a line spectrum is produced by gas or plasma. Spectroscopes are used to observe emission spectra, and flame tests can identify elements […]
The frequency spectrum tracks and classifies electromagnetic waves emitted by anything that emits energy at a particular frequency, including light, sound, radio, and X-rays. Frequencies are measured in hertz and are important for understanding how waves interact with matter, determining safety levels, and identifying interference in broadcasting. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from radio waves to […]
Broad-spectrum sunscreen protects against UVA and UVB rays, reducing the risk of skin cancer and aging. It needs to be reapplied regularly and has different SPFs. It’s commonly used in daily skin care products and can be affordable or high-end. Broad-spectrum sunscreen is a type of sunscreen that blocks two types of ultraviolet (UV) rays: […]
The Brocken spectrum is a 3D shadow figure that appears in distant fog or mist when a low-lying sun casts a long shadow. It is often accompanied by a rainbow halo known as glory. The phenomenon is named after a mountain peak in Germany and was first described in 1780. CTR Wilson tried to artificially […]
A spectrum analyzer measures frequencies of electrical, audio or optical waveforms and separates and measures incoming or transmitted signals. It can be used in mechanical and electrical engineering measurements, telecommunications, and measuring the output of light emitting devices. There are two types of spectrum analyzers: analog and digital, and a hybrid analyzer combines the advantages […]
The response spectrum is a graph of oscillating systems caused by shock or vibration, commonly used for earthquake measurement and analyzing infrastructure strength. It helps engineers build structures with increased resistance to earthquakes, but has limitations for high-rise buildings. The response spectrum is a visual graph of a peak, or other response, of a series […]
Absorption spectra are used to identify organic compounds and transition metals. Chromophores, such as transition metal ions and conjugated organic bonds, absorb energy within the visible light range. Flame atomic absorption instruments measure metal concentration, while biologists use absorption spectra to study photosynthesis. An absorption spectrum is obtained by exposing a sample of a pure […]
The electromagnetic spectrum is made up of all electromagnetic radiation, including photons with a wavelength ranging from atomic diameter to the width of the earth. It has three basic properties: frequency or wavelength, intensity, and polarization. Humans can only see a small fraction of it, with the acronym ROYGBIV used to describe visible colors. Infrared, […]
The electromagnetic spectrum includes light and ranges from ultraviolet to infrared. When light passes through a material, some is absorbed or emitted. A spectroscope shows a linear spectrum of brightly colored emission or dark absorption lines. A diffraction grating separates light into its different wavelengths, creating a continuous spectrum. There are two types of line […]
A continuous spectrum has no gaps and can contain any unbroken segment of the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light is a continuous spectrum, with different wavelengths perceived as different colors. Astronomers use spectra to study stars and other objects, learning about their composition and interactions. Other types of spectra, such as radio waves and microwaves, are […]
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