Political theology explores the relationship between faith and politics. It dates back to Plato and Panaetius and has been debated by thinkers such as Machiavelli, Rousseau, Peterson, and Schmitt. Schmitt’s theory of sovereignty, which excludes morals and ethics, became the justification for Nazi Germany. Metz’s political theology is rooted in Marxist/Socialist thought and critiques bourgeois […]
Christian theology studies God from a Christian perspective, but different strands of Christianity disagree on finer points such as the nature of God and salvation. The Bible is the most important source, but interpretations vary due to translation issues. The Eucharist and sacraments are also debated. The Catholic Church values tradition, while Protestants focus on […]
Creation theology is the study of the biblical account of the origins of the earth and all life on it. It is considered a fundamental doctrine of the Christian church and is often taught in seminary degrees. The narrative in Genesis 1 describes the creation of everything in the universe as taking place in six […]
Philosophical theology applies philosophy to theological concepts, bridging the gap between philosophy of religion and systematic theology. It seeks to use logical or empirical means to prove or disprove the feasibility of doctrines such as trinitarianism. Critics argue that it does not address the practicalities of religion and does a disservice to the intrinsic mystery […]
Presbyterian theology, based on John Calvin’s teachings, emphasizes salvation through faith alone, democratic election of priests, and acceptance of the Bible as the medium for understanding God’s presence. The church accepts only two sacraments, baptism and the Lord’s Supper, and Presbyterian colleges offer courses related to theology, missionary work, and pastoral counseling. Presbyterian theology derives […]
Public theology seeks to incorporate a secular approach to religious studies in order to seek truth through religion and scientific discovery, and to benefit society as a whole. It is influenced by Jürgen Habermas’s ideas on critical social theory and aims to counter the rise of fundamentalist Christianity. Proponents analyze modern society and focus on […]
A theology of worship defines how worship should be conducted in a given religion, including public and private practices. It attempts to answer questions about what worship is and how people should worship. Some religions prioritize lifestyle over prayer and worship, while others have specific guidelines for private worship. Modern music and worship have led […]
Mormon theology is followed by various Christian groups, including The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. They accept the Book of Mormon as scripture, reject the doctrine of the Trinity, and have different beliefs about the afterlife. Mormons believe in good works for salvation and have three heavenly realms, with the Celestial Kingdom being […]
A theology of marriage explains the meanings and implications of marriage according to a religion’s doctrines, often drawing from sacred texts and traditions. It may include rulings on who can marry, how to act while married, and what happens after death. Theological views may conflict with legal views, creating tension. Marriage can be seen as […]
Womanist theology is a movement among African American Christian women that seeks to address the failures of liberation theology and mainstream feminism in advancing the well-being of black women. It aims to bridge socioeconomic gaps and expand its influence to underprivileged groups across racial barriers through nurturing and building community. However, it has received criticism […]
Methodist theology is based on the teachings of John Wesley, emphasizing grace, repentance, faith, good works, and missions. It centers on faith in the triune God and the concept of repentance as turning away from a life of selfishness to serving God and mankind. The church adheres to ancient creeds and traditional beliefs on social […]
Contextual theology adapts biblical principles for modern culture, including inculturation, determining cultural relevance of statements, and applying principles to new technology. Caution is advised to ensure universal relevance. Contextual theology is a Christian philosophy that attempts to view biblical principles apart from their cultural context. Aspects of contextual theology include adapting non-Christian practices for Christian […]
Theologians teach religion, while historical theologians study the history of religion and connect beliefs with historical evidence. They combine religious study with anthropology, social sciences, archaeology, and history to refine religious teaching and explain the development of doctrines over time. Historical theology requires an open mind and unbiased examination of evidence, which can potentially change […]
African theology encompasses various types of theological study in Africa, including Christian and indigenous religions. It has been influenced by Islam, Christianity, feminism, education, and social change. Traditional African religions involve multiple deities and rituals. African theology is constantly evolving due to changing religious and political dominance and the influence of Western religious leaders. African […]
Protestantism is a term for new churches that broke away from the Catholic Church in Western Europe. The start of the Protestant Revolution is credited to Martin Luther in the 16th century. Protestantism includes diverse groups such as Lutherans, Calvinists, Baptists, and Quakers. Protestant theology has different beliefs about the key tenets of the Christian […]
Systematic theology seeks to create consistent systems of beliefs within Christianity, drawing on biblical texts and philosophy. It focuses on individual topics rather than historical development and may lead to philosophical theology. Other theological viewpoints, like process theology, may also fall under systematic theology. Systematic theology is a branch of Christian studies that attempts to […]
Revelation in Christianity is direct communication from God to reveal spiritual truths. Theology of revelation defines its nature, necessity, and criteria for distinguishing it from other concepts. It cites human history and the world’s condition as proof of its need. Christian and private revelations are distinguished, with the former intended for the entire church and […]
Karl Barth’s theology emphasizes the Trinity and the Triple Word of God, which are controversial topics in Christianity. His work influenced religious thought and brought Protestantism to a higher degree of emphasis on the Trinity. Barth’s theology is not rightist and he lost his position in the German church for refusing to adhere to party […]
Asian theology encompasses various spiritual faiths originating from Asia, including Buddhism, Hinduism, animism, and esoteric philosophies. These belief systems are diverse and complex, originating from nations with distinct cultures and histories. Some of these faiths are much older than comparable Western belief systems. Animism and ancestor worship are important parts of Asian theology in many […]
A theology professor teaches Christian religion in a structured educational setting, creating lesson plans and ensuring student understanding through review and testing. They may work at private schools or universities and are responsible for teaching Christian theology. The duties and responsibilities of a theology professor may vary, depending on the requirements of the school at […]
