The gateway drug theory suggests that using “softer” drugs like alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana increases the likelihood of using harder drugs. However, studies show mixed results, and other factors may be more relevant in predicting drug use. Understanding the conditions that lead to drug use may be more valuable in preventing it. The gateway drug […]
Archaeological theories approach historical techniques, evidence, and facts differently. Cultural-historical archaeology posits that each culture is distinct, while process archaeology applies the scientific method to dig sites. Behavioral archaeology focuses on how people behaved, and post-process archaeology encourages excavators to theorize and examine their theories. Most archaeological theories deal with many of the same historical […]
Attachment theory suggests that a child’s attachment style with caregivers can have lifelong effects. The more reliable and comforting the caregiver, the more confident the child will feel. Mary Ainsworth’s “strange situation” experiment identified four attachment types: secure, anxious-resistant, insecure anxious-avoidant, and disorganized. Critics argue that attachment style does not necessarily prevent forming attachments with […]
Kinetic theory explains the properties of gases in terms of molecular composition and activity. It assumes that gases are made up of small particles that are constantly moving, and that pressure is the result of collisions between molecules. The theory defines pressure as the force exerted by gas molecules when they collide with the container […]
Interference theory suggests that older and more recent memories can interfere with each other, making it harder to remember. This can be seen in memorization experiments and can affect everyday life, such as adjusting to a new job. The exact mechanism is not fully understood. Interference theory is a scientific concept that deals with how […]
M-Theory is the unifying theory of superstrings, which explains that multiple superstring theories are different ways of looking at the same theory. It proposes an eleventh dimension, which unites all the conflicting theories of string theory and explains how the Big Bang could have occurred. M-Theory and superstrings have succeeded where the Standard Model failed, […]
Diffusion theory explains how innovations spread across cultures. It identifies five stages of adoption: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Factors that influence adoption include ease of use, observable results, and compatibility with moral values. Adoption rates depend on factors such as community influence and reviews. Diffusion theory, also known as diffusion theory of innovations, […]
A hypothesis is an untested explanation, while a theory has been extensively tested and accepted as accurate. The theory of evolution is supported by scientific evidence, but theories are subject to change with new knowledge. Dark energy is a current hypothesis with ongoing research and difficulty in detection. A hypothesis attempts to answer questions by […]
When choosing a music theory class, consider the teacher’s qualifications and experience, as well as the topics covered. Beginners should look for classes covering the basics of reading music, while advanced classes should cover concepts like modes and seventh chords. Music theory provides an understanding of how music is composed, including scales, notes, and chord […]
The Big Bang theory explains the creation of the universe from a tiny, super dense, and hot mass that exploded and expanded rapidly. It is supported by evidence such as the cosmic microwave background radiation and the fact that galaxies are receding from each other. The theory was developed by Georges-Henri Lemaître and has been […]
The prototype theory, developed by Eleanor Rosch, states that people categorize objects and concepts based on a prototype or ideal representation of that category. The prototype is determined by common characteristics, and experiences shape a person’s prototype. This theory helps psychologists understand vocabulary acquisition and language development. The prototype theory is a cognitive science theory […]
Cognitive theory suggests that a person’s thoughts control their actions, personality, and circumstances. Behaviors are a result of internal thoughts that can be controlled and changed through recognizing and correcting destructive tendencies. Mood disorders can be treated with cognitive therapy, and meditation can encourage new thought patterns. The theory is similar to Eastern religious concepts […]
The word “theory” has different meanings depending on the context. In science, it is a tested concept used to explain an event, while in the arts, it refers to non-practical work. The term dates back to 1592 and has evolved to describe explanations based on observation and testing. Scientific theories are extensively tested before being […]
Object relations theory explains how an infant’s mind develops in relation to objects in their environment. The theory involves two stages of development, the paranoid-schizoid position and the depressive position, and includes defense mechanisms such as introjection, projection, and projective identification. British psychologists Ronald Fairbairn and Melanie Klein are co-founders of the object relations school. […]
Lamarck was the first to propose the theory of evolution, observing changes in invertebrate fossils and arguing that organisms adapt to survive in their environments. His theory included the idea of passing on acquired traits to offspring. Lamarck’s theory was not well respected during his time due to his lack of belief in a deity […]
Computational complexity theory deals with the resources needed to solve problems on a computer system. Problems are classified by difficulty as polynomial (P) or non-polynomial (NP). Solving a computation requires resources such as time, storage space, and hardware. NP problems are more complex and may require more advanced options. Classifying P versus NP problems can […]
Instructional theory researches how people learn to improve the teaching process, with two main approaches: cognitive models (focus on student’s mind) and behavioral models (focus on observable behavior). It’s not a teaching method, but can inform pedagogies. Theories prioritize effective teaching over learning. Instructional theory is a field of inquiry typically involved in researching and […]
The Apollo Hoax theory suggests that humans did not land on the moon in 1969. There are three theories about the hoax: 100% fabricated, partially true, or a NASA cover-up. Supporters point to details like starless photos and lack of footprints as evidence. Despite no evidence to support the theory, at least 20% of Americans […]
Crystal field theory explains the energetic properties of transition metal compounds, including color and texture, but cannot describe their bonds. Developed in the 1930s, it was combined with ligand field theory to better understand bonding. The theory describes the interaction between metal and non-metal atoms, and the stable energy fields they generate. It is particularly […]
Set theory is the foundation of modern mathematics, describing how elements fit into groups. Sets are well-defined groups of elements, symbolized by letters. Sets can contain other sets, with the contained sets being subsets. Common sets include natural, integer, rational, real, and complex numbers. Set union and intersection refer to elements that are members of […]
