Tumor antigens are abnormal proteins produced by cancer cells that can be used for testing, diagnosis, and potentially for targeted cancer treatment and vaccine development. The immune system recognizes them as abnormal and can attack them, making them a valuable tool for cancer research. Tumor antigens are abnormal proteins produced by cancer cells. The host’s […]
Pancreatic endocrine tumors, also known as neuroendocrine tumors, can be functional or non-functional and may cause symptoms related to hormone secretion or tumor growth. Surgical removal is usually necessary, and treatment may require input from specialists in oncology and endocrinology. A pancreatic endocrine tumor is a growth that develops from hormone-producing cells in the digestive […]
Pituitary tumors are solid masses of abnormally growing cells located in the pituitary gland. They can be microadenomas or macroadenomas and functioning or non-functioning. Functioning tumors produce excessive hormones and can lead to irreversible diseases. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and medication. Symptoms include headache, nausea, vision problems, and mood swings. A pituitary tumor, or […]
Salivary gland neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells in the glands that produce saliva. They can be benign or malignant, and symptoms may include pain, lumps, or decreased facial movement. The three common types of malignancy are mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and low-grade polymorphic adenocarcinoma. A salivary gland neoplasm is an abnormal growth of […]
Renal pelvis tumors are rare and may be cancerous. Treatment involves removing the tumor or the entire kidney, followed by chemotherapy and radiation. Risk factors include obesity, smoking, and family history. Symptoms include blood in urine, back pain, weight loss, fever, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, imaging, and sometimes a biopsy. A […]
Spinal tumors can be primary or secondary and can cause back pain, sensation changes, and muscle weakness. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and physical therapy. Regular checkups are recommended for those with genetic conditions linked to spinal tumors. A spinal tumor is a tumor that grows in or around the spine. Primary spinal tumors originate […]
Klatskin tumor is a rare type of bile duct cancer that affects the upper region where the left and right bile ducts meet. Prognosis depends on tumor size, involvement of bile ducts, and patient’s physical condition. Resection is the best treatment, but chemotherapy and radiation may be considered if surgery is not an option. Patients […]
Neuroendocrine tumors are abnormal cells that overproduce hormones, leading to harmful levels. They can occur in various parts of the body, including the lungs and stomach. Treatment options include prescription drugs, special diets, freezing, removal, and radiation. A neuroendocrine tumor is a group of abnormally growing cells located in or near the endocrine glands. These […]
Managing brain tumor pain can be difficult, but options include OTC and prescription pain relievers, cancer treatments, pain management programs, and self-help techniques like meditation. Surgery and chemotherapy can also help relieve pain. Managing the pain of a brain tumor can be very difficult. This is especially true when the tumor grows and presses against […]
Carcinomas are malignant tumors that arise in epithelial cells and can spread to other parts of the body. Early detection is key for a better prognosis. Tumors are caused by uncontrolled cell growth due to a genetic defect. Biopsies are used to determine the severity and type of carcinoma for treatment planning. A carcinoma is […]
Krukenberg tumors are a type of ovarian cancer that originates in another part of the body and spreads to the ovaries. They are usually adenocarcinomas and have a poor prognosis. Treatment options depend on the primary site of the tumor and the patient’s condition. A Krukenberg tumor is a type of ovarian cancer that starts […]
Brain tumors are abnormal cell growths in the brain that can be caused by genetic defects, environmental exposure, or random mutations. Symptoms include neurological irregularities and can lead to permanent damage if left untreated. Medical imaging and tissue samples can confirm the presence of a tumor, and treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. A […]
Phyllodes tumors are rare and can occur in the breast or prostate gland. They have a rapid growth rate and may be benign or malignant. Women aged 40-50 are more likely to develop them, and they require removal. Prostate phyllodes tumors are even rarer and can become large before being noticed. A phyllodes cystosarcoma or […]
A neuroma tumor is a non-cancerous growth of nerve cells that can be painful and uncomfortable. It can occur anywhere in the body and is usually caused by recent surgery or trauma. The most common type is Morton’s neuroma, which affects the foot. Other types include acoustic neuroma and ganglioneuroma, which can be more serious […]
Cervical tumors are abnormal growths on the cervix and are often linked to cervical cancer. The most effective way to screen for cervical cancer is through routine Pap smears. Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, with early diagnosis leading to better chances of success. Routine gynecological care and screening are important for all women. […]
Adenomatoid tumors are benign growths made up of mesothelial cells that can occur in the reproductive system, most commonly in the testicles. They can cause pain and may be difficult to distinguish from cancerous tumors. Surgery is usually required, but removal of the entire testicle is not necessary. Adenomatoid tumors can also develop in other […]
Tumor progression involves three stages: hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can cause cancer to metastasize, leading to more advanced stages. Different factors determine the stage of cancer, including tumor size, location, and lymph node involvement. Tumor progression refers to the steps and stages a cancerous tumor goes through as […]
Common brain tumor symptoms include headaches, hearing loss, blurred vision, balance issues, speech difficulties, and personality changes. These symptoms can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, and should be evaluated by a doctor to determine the cause. Some of the more common brain tumor symptoms include frequent headaches, hearing loss, and […]
Liver tumors can be benign or malignant and can arise in the liver or metastasize from other parts of the body. Symptoms vary, and diagnosis usually requires medical imaging and biopsy. Treatment depends on the type of tumor. A liver tumor is an area of uncontrolled cell growth in or on the liver. Like cancers […]
Adnexal neoplasms are tumors that develop in accessory structures of organs such as the eye, uterus, or skin. They can be benign or malignant, with skin adnexal tumors being common and usually benign. Adnexal tumors of the ovary are usually benign, but if cancerous, treatment depends on the stage of the tumor. An adnexal neoplasm […]
