Photovoltaic energy is produced by converting sunlight into energy using silicon solar cells. These cells can be linked to form solar panels or modules, which can power small buildings or large complexes. Energy can be stored using rechargeable batteries and capacitors. Photovoltaic energy is ecologically clean, safe, and can be used in various applications. Continued […]
A journal box is a housing unit in a railway bogie that contains oil for the axle and journal bearings. It minimizes friction between the wheel and axle to prevent overheating and is made of durable material. It is positioned to prevent interference with moving parts and is easily accessible for repairs. A journal box […]
A fly cutter is a tool used in milling machines to make circular cuts on flat aluminum stock. It is commonly used to make clearance notches in automobile pistons and planing a stock square piece. The tool resembles a metal lathe cutting tool and is operated slowly to ensure a smooth and exact cut. It […]
A drive pulley moves a conveyor belt, and is a type of pulley that can have belts, chains, cables, or ropes. It is one of six simple machines that can change the direction of applied force and multiply force. Drive pulleys are used in two types of belt conveyors: those that move material and those […]
Formaldehyde resin is a synthetic resin made with formaldehyde used in various industries. It can be made with different chemicals and has various properties. It is commonly used in paints, engineered wood products, leather, and insulation. However, there are health concerns about formaldehyde, and some people are sensitive to it. Formaldehyde-free products are available but […]
Desoldering is the process of removing solder to separate electrical components. It requires a desoldering pump, wick, or solder braid and a 15 to 30 watt soldering iron. The preparation is the same regardless of the tool used. A good desoldering job should remove all old solder. Resoldering must be done carefully. Desoldering describes the […]
CMYK is a color mixing system used in traditional offset printing with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks. Images are separated into four related images, each transformed into a plate with the right concentration of ink. CMYK can produce a large number of colors, but is limited by external factors. Subtractive color refers to how […]
Composite lumber is made from recycled wood and plastic, and is ideal for building decks, framing windows, and creating moldings. It is durable, less prone to decay, and has a wood grain appearance. However, it can be more expensive and less flexible than natural wood, but it helps reduce the demand for new wood and […]
Enrichment in mining increases profits by extracting as much recoverable material as possible from an ore deposit. Techniques include grinding, sorting, and suspending particles in water. Enrichment can make fringe mining facilities more practical and benefit communities by keeping profits in the country. In the mining industry, enrichment is a process designed to improve the […]
Waxed leather is a waterproof fabric made by impregnating oil into canvas. It was commonly used for waterproof clothing and coatings, particularly by sailors. Although it was uncomfortable, it was worth it for the protection it provided. With the development of synthetic fibers, waxed garments were replaced. However, it is still possible to buy oilcloth […]
Sawmills process raw lumber into dimension lumber for shipment and sale. They were centralized in the 1600s and now use highly automated systems. Lumber is graded, debarked, and passed through a face saw before being finished and packaged. Working in a sawmill can be dangerous, but smaller sawmills exist for individual use. Many old sawmills […]
Lithium bromide is an ionic compound made of lithium and bromine, commonly used as a desiccant and in refrigeration units. It can be produced by reacting lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid, and affects CNS functions. Lithium bromide (LiBr), also known as lithium monobromide, is a compound of the elements lithium and bromine, with a lithium […]
Helical gears have angled teeth that engage slowly and smoothly, making them quieter and smoother than other gears. They transfer force and come in different sizes for various tasks. Helical gears wear less and generate less thrust load. Double helical gears have two sets of teeth and reduce thrust load. A helical gear is a […]
Barrier metals are thin layers of metal or ceramics placed between objects to prevent contamination. They must be conductive and inert, with the right thickness. Titanium nitride is the most common barrier metal in semiconductors, while diffusion barriers protect metal components from welding. Gold, nickel, and aluminum are common metals used for diffusion barriers. A […]
A tandem roller, also known as a steam roller, is a heavy machinery used for paving roads and parking lots. It consists of two steel rollers powered by steam, petrol or diesel, and is used to smooth and compact asphalt. Modern versions use diesel or petrol engines and may have a vibratory unit. Water is […]
A 24V DC solenoid is an electromagnetic actuator that operates on a 24V DC supply, consisting of a coil and a ferrous metal plunger. It is simple and efficient, and requires proper power planning to avoid damage. A 24V DC solenoid is an electromagnetic actuator specifically designed to operate on a 24V direct current (DC) […]
Brownstone is a type of sandstone that was popular in construction worldwide in the 19th century, particularly in upper-class regions. Its unique reddish-brown color comes from iron oxides dissolved in the rock. However, it proved to be a soft and crumbly material, leading builders to turn to stronger and more versatile materials. Existing examples of […]
A conducting pipe, also known as a drive pipe, is a short, large diameter pipe used to support the initial sedimentary portion of a well and prevent collapse. It also serves to protect from water carrying sands and drilling debris, and can be installed using drilling or pile driving techniques. The pipe also seals off […]
A scan generator creates a sawtooth waveform to change the output of a signal generator, allowing a test setup to measure the response of devices within a range of frequencies. Sweep generators are used to test frequency response over a range of frequencies. The frequency range of a device can be evaluated by a sweep […]
Anchor nuts are hardware fasteners with a threaded hole that can be attached to a work surface with rivets or screws. They are an alternative to driving threads into a work surface and ensure exact placement of nuts or screws. Anchor nuts were developed to address issues in the aerospace industry and are also used […]
