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Developing countries seek technology transfer for economic development. Technology improves productivity and infrastructure, but can harm the environment and human health. Sustainable development requires careful use of green technology and planning for employee welfare. The Human Development Index is a better measure of development than GDP.
Developing countries generally see a close relationship between technology and economic development and seek technology transfer through networks, foreign direct investment, joint ventures or technology licensing. The use of technology is seen as increasing productivity and allows the country to get higher output from the same number of hours of work. Technology is also seen as essential to improve critical infrastructure such as healthcare, education, transportation and telecommunications. In the drive towards development, the negative effects of technology can be ignored, with potentially harmful consequences for the environment and human health. Technology can be used to achieve economic growth, but sustainable development for the entire population requires the right decisions about appropriate technology and economic development.
Historically, technology has been a major factor in economic growth as the introduction of new technologies into production processes increases productivity, allowing each hour worked to produce more output. This increases domestic production and national income where producers have access to international markets for their products. The Industrial Revolution in the UK, for example, was built on pioneering inventions in industries such as textiles and iron and steel, leading to developments in transport such as railways and boosting national revenues to create the world’s largest economy in the UK. Nineteenth century .
Developing countries in the early 21st century are now looking to technology to similarly increase production efficiency and diversify industrial production so as to reduce reliance on primary industries and only a few products. New technologies can also help boost the nation’s health, upgrade educational facilities, and improve transportation and communications, and developing countries see a close link between technology and economic development.
Achieving sustainable development requires careful use of sustainable technology so as to avoid the harmful health and environmental effects that have accompanied the introduction of technology and economic development in Europe and North America. Sustainable development requires the use of green technologies and careful planning of employee welfare in order to avoid detrimental effects on living standards and inequality between rich and poor. Conventional economic measures such as gross domestic product (GDP) do not account for these negative consequences of growth, and countries may prefer to use a measure such as the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI takes into account life expectancy, access to education and the standard of living of the population. These can be caused by the use of technology and the pursuit of economic growth, although care should usually be taken to ensure that technology does not do more harm than good.
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