Thermal resistance measures a material’s ability to resist heat transfer, often applied to buildings for insulation effectiveness and energy efficiency. R-value is used to measure thermal conductivity and resistance, with higher values indicating greater resistance. Homeowners should look for materials with high R-values, such as fiberglass or wool blankets, but must ensure proper installation and maintenance for optimal effectiveness.
Thermal resistance is a measure of a material’s ability to resist heat transfer. The more a material is able to block heat transfer across its surface, the higher its thermal resistance. This concept is often applied to buildings as a measure of insulation effectiveness and energy efficiency. As insulation is added to the building to improve efficiency levels, the thermal resistance of the structure increases.
In most parts of the world, R-value is used to measure thermal conductivity and resistance. In the United States, R-value is a measure of heat transfer in terms of degrees Fahrenheit and British thermal units (BTU). In the rest of the world, R-value is given using the International System of Units (SI units) and is measured in terms of BTU and degrees Kelvin. The higher the R-value of a material, the greater its ability to resist heat transfer. The lower the R-value, the easier it is for heat to pass through the surface of the material.
Homeowners interested in improving their home’s energy efficiency should look for materials with a high R-value to act as an insulator. Insulation can be added to exterior walls, roofs or foundations to improve thermal resistance. While basic building materials such as brick, concrete, and drywall offer some resistance to heat transfer, they often have relatively low R-values compared to true insulating products. To determine the R-value of a wall or roof assembly, add the individual R-values for each component. For example, the R-value for a brick wall would be equal to the sum of the R-values of the brick, moisture barriers, and any interior drywall or insulation material.
Fiberglass or wool blankets are among the most used insulating products to improve thermal resistance. These materials are affordable, easy to install, and readily available in most areas. They are also one of the poorest insulators, especially when compared to more effective products such as spray foam or rigid foam board. Some builders may also use bulk cellulose or green products made from recycled denim or cotton to act as building insulation.
The given R-value of a material indicates its ability to resist heat transfer under perfect conditions. This means that the insulation must be installed and maintained correctly, according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. When insulation is compressed, it loses much of its thermal resistance properties. Insulation can also fail when wet or moldy, or if insufficient amounts are used to fill a wall cavity.
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