Automotive fluid systems include lubrication, hydraulic pressure, and heat transfer. Motor oil is critical for engine lubrication, while transmission fluid is important for gear shifting. Power steering and brakes use hydraulic pressure, and engine coolant cools the engine. Washer fluid is used to clean windshields.
Most of the different automotive fluid systems use mineral oil, petroleum-based fluid, or synthetic fluids. Every automotive system that includes moving parts or heat transfer uses some type of fluid. The main fluid systems lubricate or provide hydraulic pressure or heat transfer. Engine oil and transmission fluid provide lubrication, while power steering and brake fluid are used in hydraulic systems. Engine coolant provides an antifreeze effect and also acts as a heat transfer medium, and washer fluid is typically used to clean windshields.
The most critical fluid system in most automobiles involves motor oil, as without its lubricating properties the engine would stop running. This is an example of a fluid system being used for lubrication. Every moving part inside the engine can be lubricated by oil, which reduces friction and heat. Automatic transmission fluid is another common lubricant, although it is also critical for gear shifting functions. This fluid is typically used to operate valves or lubrication bands, and is instrumental in proper torque converter operation.
Power steering is an example of a hydraulic system. These fluid systems use a pump to create pressure which is then used to operate a power steering box or rack. Another example of hydraulic fluid systems can be seen in most brakes. When the brake master cylinder is activated by pressing a pedal, hydraulic pressure is created that can activate the slave cylinders or pistons in each of the wheels. Hydraulic pressure from the power steering pump can also be used instead of a vacuum brake booster.
Another of the important automotive fluid systems is used to cool the engine. The cooling system usually consists of a water-based fluid that is pumped through the engine and a heat sink, such as a radiator. Chemical constituents, such as ethylene or propylene glycol, are often added to water to create antifreeze. The main purpose of this fluid system is to cool an engine, which would otherwise get too hot due to internal combustion.
A more common water-based fluid system is used to clean windshields. Windshield washer fluid is usually made up of water and a solvent or soap that is pumped through nozzles onto the windshield. The pump can be electric or vacuum, and this fluid system is often connected to the windshield wipers. Washer fluid nozzles can be located on the wiper arms, and the fluid often helps them clean the windshield.
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