Obstetrics and gynecology offer various career options, including becoming an OB-GYN, obstetrician, gynecologist, gynecologic oncologist, or reproductive endocrinologist. These doctors may work in private practice, public clinics, or medical schools.
There are several different career options in obstetrics and gynecology. A person who decides to pursue a career in this field might become a primary care provider, specialize in gynecologic oncology, or focus on the reproductive system. Some doctors may choose to become obstetricians, who deliver babies and help women throughout their pregnancy.
Several physicians decide to pursue careers in obstetrics and gynecology. These doctors are commonly called OB-GYNs. These doctors see female patients regularly. An OB-GYN will screen the patient for illnesses, perform PAP exams to check for early signs of cervical cancer, and perform breast exams. She may also prescribe contraceptive methods for a patient or insert contraceptive devices. Some obstetricians and gynecologists must deal with patients who have been victims of rape or abuse and must be able to deal with these situations emotionally.
Doctors who want to focus specifically on pregnancy and childbirth may decide to become obstetricians. Obstetricians focus exclusively on childbirth and helping women manage pregnancy. They usually help women during the period immediately after giving birth as well. Doctors can also become gynecologists and focus on diseases of the reproductive system without dealing with pregnancy and childbirth.
A physician who decides to further specialize in obstetrics and gynecology may become a gynecologic oncologist. An oncologist diagnoses and treats cancer patients. Gynecologic oncologists treat patients with cancer of the vagina, uterus, and other female reproductive organs. To become an oncologist, a physician must complete the standard four years of medical school in the United States, a four-year residency in obstetrics and gynecology, and then an additional two to four years as a fellow in an oncology program at a hospital.
Physicians in obstetrics and gynecology who wish to study reproduction and fertility can become reproductive endocrinologists. A reproductive endocrinologist studies the glands and hormone systems in the body and can help infertile couples to conceive. Like gynecological oncologists, reproductive endocrinologists must complete two to two additional years as fellows in an endocrinology program after their residencies and four years in medical school.
Careers in obstetrics and gynecology can be found in both private practice and public clinics. A doctor may choose to work in a multi-specialty clinic, which means that they work with other doctors who specialize in different areas, such as otolaryngology or podiatry. Some physicians may be employed in medical schools, where they see patients and instruct students.
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